Mechanisms of Impairment in Hair and Scalp Induced by Hair Dyeing and Perming and Potential Interventions

The review discusses the popularity of hair dyes and perms in the beauty and personal care industries and their effects on hair and scalp health. These treatments change hair color and shape by altering the hair shaft's physical structure and chemical composition, which can lead to damage, chemical disarray, and compromised physical properties. While generally considered safe, there are concerns about the mechanisms by which hair dyeing and perming cause impairment, as well as potential adverse reactions such as skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, and an increased cancer risk, although evidence from human studies is inconsistent. The review aims to provide an overview of hair cosmetics, the impact of these treatments on the hair and scalp, the mechanisms behind the harmful effects, and possible interventions to mitigate damage.