15 citations,
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The cell membrane complex in mammalian hair has three distinct types with different structures and chemical properties.
15 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
86 citations,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
3 citations,
January 2015 in “Mathematical problems in engineering” Hair damage increases significantly with higher temperatures and longer heating times.
3 citations,
September 2020 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Coconut oil makes hair stronger and more flexible than mineral oil.
1 citations,
January 2023 in “International journal of all research education and scientific methods” Hair analysis is better than urine and blood for detecting past drug use.
1 citations,
November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.
15 citations,
August 2020 in “Analytical chemistry” Hair lipids do not protect against humidity.
May 2020 in “International journal of dermatology and venereology” Hair matrix cysts are rare skin nodules with unique features, often needing surgical removal.
14 citations,
April 2019 in “Genes” Researchers found a genetic region that influences the number of coat layers in dogs.
81 citations,
September 2009 in “Birth defects research” Different body areas in mice produce different hair types due to interactions between skin layers.
17 citations,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
127 citations,
July 2002 in “EMBO journal” Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.
83 citations,
May 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Skin development in mammals is controlled by key proteins and signals from underlying cells, involving stem cells for maintenance and repair.
9 citations,
January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Skin's epithelial stem cells are crucial for repair and maintenance, and understanding them could improve treatments for skin problems.
6 citations,
January 2023 in “npj regenerative medicine” Transplanting growing hair follicles into scars can help regenerate and improve scar tissue.
13 citations,
January 2016 in “Burns & Trauma” Vacuum massage may improve skin elasticity and induce changes in skin cells, but evidence for treating burn scars is insufficient and more research is needed.
15 citations,
March 2012 in “International journal of nanomedicine” Local injections of nanosized rhEPO can speed up skin healing and improve quality after deep second-degree burns.
22 citations,
December 2016 in “PloS one” A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
277 citations,
July 2011 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
62 citations,
July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
November 2023 in “npj regenerative medicine” Skin spheroids with both outer and inner layers are key for regrowing skin patterns and hair.
129 citations,
May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
67 citations,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
18 citations,
May 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Human body's immune cells are more common in the layer of fat just beneath the skin than in deeper fat layers.
2 citations,
April 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The skin's basement membrane is specially designed to support different types of connections between skin layers and hair follicles.
1 citations,
January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders” Treating melasma in men is difficult, especially for the deeper skin layers, and may need more than just topical treatments.
18 citations,
August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The reconstructed skin model from hair follicles functions like human skin in processing chemicals and can be used to test ingredient safety.