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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Apple polyphenol, especially oligomeric procyanidins, can reduce fat absorption and lower blood fat levels.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

Platelet-rich plasma can potentially promote hair growth by stimulating cell growth and increasing certain proteins.

Niosomes improve minoxidil skin delivery for hair loss treatment.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Future hair loss treatments should aim to extend hair growth, reactivate resting follicles, reverse shrinkage, and possibly create new follicles, with gene therapy showing promise.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.

The document concludes that understanding hair follicle biology can lead to better hair loss treatments.

Chemotherapy causes hair loss by damaging hair follicles and stem cells, with more research needed for prevention and treatment.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

AA-PRP injections effectively increase hair count and thickness for male pattern hair loss.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

PRP injections increase hair density and satisfaction in androgenetic alopecia patients.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Understanding hair growth involves complex interactions between molecules and could help treat hair disorders.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

The document concludes that more research is needed to better understand and treat primary cicatricial alopecias, and suggests a possible reclassification based on molecular pathways.

Cancer cells often have more copies of TERT and TERC genes, which helps them grow and could affect patient outcomes.

Different types of stem cells and their environments are key to skin repair and maintenance.

Macrophages help heal nerves by aiding the maturation of Schwann cells and are important for nerve repair.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Oxidative stress contributes to hair graying and loss as we age.