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Choline and biotin are important for liver health and preventing certain deficiencies in animals, and more research is needed to understand their benefits in humans.

The document explains the difficulty in diagnosing and treating brain diseases caused by the immune system and stresses the need for quick and accurate tests.

Certain gene mutations can weaken the skin barrier and, when combined with environmental factors, lead to eczema and severe itching.

The document concludes that certain genetic mutations and dietary factors are involved in acne development, and treatments like isotretinoin and diet changes can help manage it.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Different sPLA2 enzymes affect immunity, skin and hair health, reproduction, and may be potential targets for therapy.

Steroid sulfatase is important for activating hormones that affect memory, brain function, and certain diseases, and could be a target for treating hormone-related disorders.

Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in Korean men for at least 5 years, with V type responding better.

AGA in children needs careful diagnosis due to low androgen levels and possible other causes.

Higher vitamin D levels are linked to higher iron levels in Korean women without metabolic syndrome, but not in those with it.

Dialysis patients benefit from water-soluble vitamins but need careful management to avoid risks.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.

A thorough skin history and full examination are important for diagnosing and understanding the impact of skin diseases.

Chemotherapy in children often causes hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and mood swings.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

Drug approvals slowed in 2Q22, but notable drugs like Amvuttra, Camzyos, and Olumiant were approved.

Pregnant women with isolated hypothyroxinemia face more health issues, so iodine and folic acid supplements are important before and during early pregnancy.

Ultraviolet rays damage hair, smoking may cause hair loss, and good nutrition is important for hair health, but genetics mainly decide hair thickness.

Severe vitamin deficiencies in children can cause significant hair problems.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Many people with hair loss had low iron and ferritin levels.

Ice-skating athletes often have skin problems due to cold, infections, and inflammation, needing careful treatment and prevention.

Hair changes can indicate systemic diseases or medication effects.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Zinc is important for skin health, and supplements can help treat various skin and hair disorders, but more research is needed for conditions like psoriasis and vitiligo.

Skin, hair, and nail changes can help detect eating disorders early.

Two rare genetic diseases cause severe rickets in children due to defects in vitamin D metabolism.

Further research is needed to understand how the microbiome affects hair loss in Alopecia Areata.

Premature graying of hair is linked to vitamin D and B12 deficiencies, thyroid issues, iron imbalance, stress, and lifestyle habits, and affects quality of life.

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.