416 citations
,
September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.
90 citations
,
December 2007 in “Current Oncology” This review discusses management strategies for sexual side effects of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal breast cancer patients and reports no original clinical findings.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that dexamethasone significantly reduced ERα mRNA levels and increased aromatase mRNA and activity in cultured human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism for estradiol action.
55 citations
,
June 2012 in “Steroids” This study found that testosterone modulates vascular cell behavior through direct actions that do not rely on its conversion to estradiol.
44 citations
,
December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This study found that testosterone is converted to estrogenic steroids in vitro without aromatase involvement, suggesting that combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors might reduce estrogenic steroids more completely in vivo.
37 citations
,
September 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that intravaginal testosterone significantly improved sexual satisfaction and reduced dyspareunia in postmenopausal women using aromatase inhibitors, with no effect on urinary incontinence.
36 citations
,
October 2016 in “Bone” This case report describes a male patient with aromatase deficiency, revealing that a c.628G>A mutation can lead to varied clinical features, such as low bone mass and normal metabolic profiles.
34 citations
,
November 2013 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment” This study found that female breast cancer survivors using aromatase inhibitors were observed to have a higher likelihood of experiencing hair loss and thinning compared to those not treated with these drugs.
14 citations
,
October 2015 in “Neurochemistry International” This study found that letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, reduced the incidence and severity of PTZ-induced kindling seizures in mice, potentially due to its effects on 17β-estradiol and neurosteroid synthesis.
11 citations
,
April 2018 in “Epilepsy research” This study indicated that administering letrozole to Swiss albino mice may have anticonvulsant effects against kainic acid-induced seizures by inhibiting testosterone aromatization to 17β-estradiol and increasing anticonvulsant metabolites in the hippocampus.
8 citations
,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” In this study of healthy men, low levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were associated with higher body mass index, fat content, and insulin resistance, but their effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were similar in quality.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Pharmacognosy Journal” In this study, fenugreek seed extract showed significant androgenic and spermatogenic effects in male rats, likely through inhibiting testosterone metabolism, without impacting cardiovascular health.
1 citations
,
August 2004 in “Alternative & complementary therapies” Non-drug methods like diet, supplements, and aromatherapy can help manage hair loss and its emotional impact.
February 2026 in “Revista Eletrônica Polidisciplinar Voos.” In this integrative narrative review, researchers reported that aromatase inhibition using dutasteride and Serenoa repens after hair transplant can effectively preserve follicles and minimize side effects, suggesting personalized strategies may optimize clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” This article discusses the paradoxical effects of valproic acid on hair, reporting both drug-induced hair loss and the potential for hair growth when used topically, but presents no original research findings.
122 citations
,
November 1998 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that aromatherapy involving essential oils significantly improved symptoms of alopecia areata compared to carrier oils alone in a randomized controlled trial.
94 citations
,
August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that 17α‐estradiol increases aromatase activity in female hair follicles, which may explain its beneficial effects in treating androgenetic alopecia.
77 citations
,
April 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology” In this study, genetic variation in the CYP19A1 gene, particularly the common rs4646 C allele, was associated with an increased risk of female pattern hair loss, especially in women under 40.
50 citations
,
December 2006 in “Bone” This study found that the steroidal aromatase inhibitor exemestane stimulated proliferation of human osteoblast cells, suggesting both androgen receptor-dependent and independent pathways are involved.
46 citations
,
May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” In this study, higher expression levels of aromatase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein were correlated with increased estrogen synthesis and fewer hair follicles in human skin, suggesting a link to elastic fiber formation and hair growth.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” This study found that chronic exposure to fadrozole or finasteride during frog development induced intersex individuals, which displayed different gene expression profiles depending on the chemical used.
22 citations
,
November 2024 in “Planta” This review highlights the potential of aromatic plants as natural antioxidants in cosmeceuticals, which may combat skin aging and promote rejuvenation by counteracting oxidative stress, offering a natural alternative to synthetic products with benefits like photoprotection and anti-wrinkle effects.
21 citations
,
November 2017 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that women with female pattern hair loss had increased 5α-reductase isozymes and decreased aromatase mRNA levels, potentially affecting their response to treatment.
19 citations
,
May 2013 in “Annals of Oncology” This study observed that aromatase inhibitors caused hair loss in menopausal women with breast cancer, mimicking male pattern baldness rather than female androgenetic alopecia.
16 citations
,
October 2009 in “Xenobiotica” This study found no evidence that the tested hair dye ingredients undergo hepatic metabolism to reactive oxidized metabolites in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.
15 citations
,
June 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study observed a potential association between the CC genotype of rs4646 and female pattern hair loss, but the authors advise caution due to lack of experiment-wide significance and recommend replication.
13 citations
,
December 2010 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Inhibiting certain enzymes made female rats more sensitive to low-level pain.
13 citations
,
August 1982 in “Archives of dermatology” This case report describes a 62-year-old man with psoriasis who developed a unique nail abnormality after two months of treatment with the oral retinoid etretinate, alongside hair thinning and cheilitis.
12 citations
,
October 1978 in “PubMed” This study found that the aromatic retinoic acid derivative Ro 10-9359 provided excellent results in 64% of severe psoriasis patients, especially in those with erythrodermic and pustular types, though relapses and side effects were noted.
10 citations
,
July 2021 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” In this review, the authors detailed various dermatologic adverse events associated with aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women and discussed strategies to potentially prevent these events, aiming to minimize interruptions in breast cancer treatment.