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In this study, transiently activating the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in chickens transformed reticulate scales on the feet into feathers comparable to body feathers, without ongoing treatment, suggesting this pathway affects the diversity of bird skin appendages.

This perspective highlights the potential of reptile integument as an experimental model to understand the evolution of amniote skin structures, but reports no new research findings.

This study observed specific expression patterns of three zebrafish estrogen receptor genes during development, highlighting robust co-expression of esr2a and esr2b in primary neuromasts, branchial arches, and other tissues.

This study reveals that β-catenin and retinoic acid are key regulators in the gene networks controlling the fate of skin appendages, such as scales and feathers.

This study found that Foxn1-like genes in fish and mice are functionally equivalent in activating hair keratin genes, whereas changes in the cephalochordate Foxn1-like gene result in inactivity.

This research suggests that hair keratins evolved from claw keratins in a hairless ancestor, with Hoxc13 controlling their expression in tetrapods, evidenced by the knockout of Hoxc13 hindering claw formation in Xenopus tropicalis frogs.

This study identified two key pentapeptide quasi-repeats in human keratin-associated proteins, which are similar to motifs found in sheep wool.

This study identified distinct gene expression programs in keratinocytes responsible for forming hard scales and soft interscale epidermis in chickens, revealing conserved differentiation genes similar to those in human skin.

In this study on wound healing, sulfated glycosaminoglycans from sturgeon cartilage enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition, significantly accelerating wound closure and promoting re-epithelialization in both in vitro and in vivo tests.

This study explains how the development of keratin-associated proteins in embryonic epidermis is crucial for forming protective barriers in vertebrates, enabling them to adapt to terrestrial environments.

This study suggests that some keratin-associated proteins with antecedents found in non-haired animals may have roles beyond hair characteristics, possibly contributing to the evolution of hair follicles.

This study found that keratin-associated proteins related to metallothionein and occludin appear in various animals, suggesting they may have roles beyond hair characteristics and were later adapted for hair production.

This review examines the complex role of the Ectodysplasin-A pathway in skeletal morphogenesis, emphasizing its interaction with other key signaling pathways, and reports no new experimental findings.

This research found that feather pattern formation in birds is regulated by a mechanochemical system involving fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, which is altered in the flightless emu and ostrich.

The researchers reported that both estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ are expressed in human testis, and identified two novel genes, Aven and Regucalcin, linked to estrogen and androgen regulation, which may be crucial for spermatogenesis.

Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.

This study optimized the extraction process for abomasum protein from Tianshan red deer, identifying two proteins with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities, suggesting they could be beneficial in foods and nutraceuticals.

This study highlights the role of Orai1 in ameloblast differentiation and maturation, showing that its down-regulation affects cell proliferation and enamel formation during tooth development.

This study identified trichohyalin as an early differentiation marker in hair follicles, with potential structural roles related to alpha-helical formations, based on the partial characterization of its cDNA in sheep.

This study identified genes potentially involved in the development and differentiation of skin appendages in Atelerix albiventris, noting significant enrichment of immune-related genes in hair-type tissues.

This study found that Atlantic croaker nuclear androgen receptors AR1 and AR2 have different binding affinities for androgens, suggesting that they may mediate distinct physiological actions in teleosts.

This study identified morphotype-specific gene expression patterns in feathers, enhancing understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involved in feather development and diversification.

This research found that variations in the KRTAP gene family are likely responsible for the diverse hair phenotypes seen among mammals, influenced by gene repertoire differences, expression, and evolutionary factors.

In this study, the researchers cloned and analyzed the CRABP I gene in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats, finding its highest mRNA expression at 90 days in embryo skin compared to later stages.

This study found that keratins have evolutionarily conserved and domain-selectively enriched amino acids, which likely reflect their unique structural roles, with distinct patterns observed among epidermal, hair, and simple-type epithelial keratins.

This study identified changes in transcription factor gene expression across various signaling pathways during inner ear hair cell regeneration in birds, revealing patterns and potential new pathways for future investigation.

This study identified ectodin as a novel BMP inhibitor that modulates BMP signaling in ectodermal development by interacting with SHH and FGF pathways.

This study identified two high sulfur protein genes, B2E and B2F, in rats, which are expressed in hair cortical cells during anagen and contribute to hair fiber production.