Orai1 Expression Pattern in Tooth and Craniofacial Ectodermal Tissues and Potential Functions During Ameloblast Differentiation

The study investigated the expression pattern and function of the Orai1 protein in tooth and craniofacial ectodermal tissues, particularly during ameloblast differentiation. It was found that ORAI1 protein was strongly expressed during the ameloblast secretory stage and decreased by the end of the maturation stage. Additionally, ORAI1 was expressed in salivary glands, hair follicles, and oral epithelium. The knockdown of Orai1 led to reduced cell proliferation and altered RNA expression of key ameloblast genes, affecting enamel thickness and mineralization. These findings provided insights into the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia phenotype associated with Orai1 mutation and emphasized the role of calcium signaling in ameloblast differentiation and maturation during tooth development.