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This paper reviews the evolution of skin appendages and keratin-associated proteins among amniotes, proposing a model for their genetic divergence without new experimental results.

In this study, researchers found that the EDMTFH protein is present in specific layers of the chicken embryo skin and feathers, suggesting its role in feather mechanics and development.

The researchers reported that scaffoldin, a protein identified in chicken embryos, likely plays a role in forming periderm granules and contributes to the soft cornification of embryonic epidermis.

In this review, researchers examined the molecular diversity and expression patterns of major skin appendage proteins, like keratins and EDC proteins, in tetrapods, highlighting recent findings in reptiles and birds and identifying knowledge gaps for future research.

In this study, researchers propose that different vertebrate skin appendages, such as hair, feathers, and scales, evolved in parallel from a shared ancestral cell structure associated with teeth, dating back approximately 420 million years ago.

In this study, researchers discussed how specific protein interactions in reptile skin allow for the development of protective structures like scales and scutes, which facilitated reptiles' adaptation to terrestrial environments.

Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.

This article reviews advances in feather development and regeneration, including pattern formation, stem cell biology, and evolution, but presents no new experimental results.

This study suggests that chicken and alligator scales evolved independently through convergent evolution rather than sharing a common origin with avian feathers.

This study suggests that skin-derived precursors from Sox2(+) hair follicle dermal cells have the potential to function as dermal stem cells, supporting hair morphogenesis, dermal maintenance, and wound-healing.

This study found that the differential expression of α- and β-keratin genes in feathers may explain their morphological and structural diversity, highlighting the chicken as a model for studying keratin-related diseases.

This study identified the distribution of keratin-associated proteins during cornification in the epidermis of reptiles, revealing unique structural characteristics in sauropsid keratin proteins compared to other vertebrates.

This review provides an overview of the molecular evolution of corneous beta-proteins in reptiles and birds, highlighting their distinct genetic origin and role in epidermal structures, but reports no new results.

This study identified a new S100 fused-type protein, scaffoldin, in reptiles and birds and suggests that SFTP-positive epithelia serve as scaffolds for the growth of various skin appendages, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

This study found that the main structural proteins of tree frog toe pads, which aid in their adhesive properties, are alpha keratins that have evolutionary origins in early tetrapods.

This study reports that KRTAP-like proteins, which resemble keratin-associated proteins found in mammals, are also present in the cornified teeth of various lamprey species, suggesting these proteins may serve similar functions in skin appendages across different vertebrates despite independent evolutionary origins.

In this study, the researchers found that mammalian hair likely evolved through the adaptation of existing structural proteins, as similar cysteine-rich α-keratins were identified in chicken and lizard genomes, suggesting pre-mammalian origins.

This study suggests that the keratins found in reptile and bird skin appendages evolved independently from mammalian hair keratins, highlighting convergent evolution in these species.

Terrestrial vertebrates have balanced keratin gene clusters, unlike teleost fish.

This study found that the unique crest feather formation in Polish chickens is driven by a 195-bp duplication in the HoxC10 gene region, which alters gene expression by modifying the genomic structure, suggesting a mechanism for diverse integumentary appendages in birds.

In this study, researchers found that alpha-keratin homologs similar to those in mammalian hair are present in the claws of the lizard Anolis carolinensis, suggesting a structural role during claw formation.

This study observed that distinct subsets of Hoxd genes in murine vibrissae and chicken feather primordia are regulated by different lineage-specific enhancers, indicating evolutionary changes in chromatin topology contribute to transcriptional robustness.

This study suggests that Ptprq in the hair bundles may exist as multiple isoforms that are differentially expressed throughout development and affect the organization of stereocilia in the chick inner ear.

This article discusses a hypothesis on the development and evolution of scales, hairs, and feathers from fish to amniotes, based on regions of dermo-epidermal interactions in skin, but reports no new findings.

This study found that small proline-rich proteins modify the biomechanical properties of cornified cell envelopes in rodent forestomachs, potentially affecting the tissue's ability to withstand mechanical stress.

This study suggests that the epidermis of monotremes and marsupials exhibits a more primitive pattern of protein distribution compared to eutherian mammals, with differences in loricrin distribution and keratinocyte maturation.

This article discusses the structure and protective function of pangolin scales, emphasizing their composition of α-keratins and β-keratins, and highlights evolutionary keratin diversification in tetrapods; it reports no new empirical findings.

This study found that the Florida worm lizard has lost certain genes associated with claw development, which are present in other lizard species with claws, suggesting a link between the evolution of their limbless body and the loss of claw-related genes.

This study suggests that distinct chromatin topologies allow different lineage-specific enhancers to regulate Hoxd genes in mouse vibrissae and chicken feather primordia, while conserved regulatory elements maintain transcriptional robustness in the embryonic trunk across species.

This study presents the first report on cloning and characterizing the full-length cDNA of SRD5A1 in Indian catfish (Clarias magur), revealing expression differences across reproductive phases and increased expression post-Ovatide administration in ovaries and testis.