April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that androgen-regulated genes in hidradenitis suppurativa skin lesions are strongly linked to innate immunity pathways, indicating a potential connection between androgen signaling and inflammation in this condition.
78 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study reports that the same androgen receptor gene mutation within a family can lead to both complete and partial androgen insensitivity syndromes, suggesting that genetic defects alone may not predict clinical phenotype.
7 citations
,
June 2021 in “Trends in Food Science and Technology” This commentary reviews potential dietary and mineral influences on androgenetic alopecia and suggests considering a diet low in cholesterol and glycaemic index with improved glucose control and magnesium fortification, without new clinical results.
7 citations
,
August 2019 in “Endokrynologia Polska” This study reported that women with metabolic PCOS phenotype have free androgen index values approximately twice as high as those with the reproductive phenotype.
March 2020 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” This study found that self-reported androgen-driven phenotypes, like balding and finger length ratios, were not associated with cancer aggressiveness or biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer after prostatectomy.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review examines the androgen-dependent subtype of acquired progressive kinking of the hair and suggests it may be an early indicator of androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between subtypes for clinical decisions.
3 citations
,
March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study observed that both prenatal androgen exposure and postnatal early-life environment influence the development of PCOS-like phenotypes and changes in the gut microbiota in prenatally androgenized offspring.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” This study observed that androgenic hormone levels were higher in high school girls with PCOS phenotypes accompanied by menstrual disorders, particularly oligomenorrhea.
March 2012 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” This study found that BMI was the only significant predictor of elevated androgen levels in adolescents with PCOS, and hyperandrogenemia was not linked to a specific PCOS phenotype.
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormone treatment caused hair loss, finasteride helped regrowth.
3 citations
,
June 2016 in “Dermatology Reports” This study concluded that the digit-length ratio (2D:4D) does not predict androgenic alopecia development, suggesting prenatal androgen exposure does not predispose men to this condition.
January 2021 in “Medicine Science | International Medical Journal” This study found that men with early androgenetic alopecia had significantly lower total antioxidant capacity compared to healthy age-matched controls.
September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study reports that comorbidities and anti-androgen therapy were associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates among patients with androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing the need to promote vaccination within this group.
8 citations
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October 2010 in “Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation” This study found that normal ALT levels in women of reproductive age are linked with metabolic and androgenic abnormalities, suggesting ALT could be used beyond liver disease diagnoses.
47 citations
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June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” This study suggests men with early androgenetic alopecia might have hormonal profiles similar to women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, potentially indicating risk for related health complications.
April 2021 in “Medical Science and Discovery” This study found that men with early androgenetic alopecia had higher levels of free testosterone, DHEAS, and LH, along with insulin resistance and higher homocysteine levels, suggesting they share risk profiles similar to PCOS in women.
July 2026 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” In this review, researchers provided a comprehensive analysis of anti-androgen therapies for polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS/PCOS), examining their efficacy and safety while proposing a phenotype-guided management framework and highlighting research gaps, such as long-term cardiovascular safety and predictive biomarkers.
120 citations
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June 2008 in “American Journal of Epidemiology” This study reported a 6.3% prevalence of PCOS among women in a Sri Lankan community, with most cases presenting as oligo/amenorrhea and polycystic ovaries.
April 2025 in “Health Science Reports” In this case-control study, researchers observed that smoking and lighter hair color significantly increased the risk of developing androgenetic alopecia, with older individuals and women showing higher prevalence rates, while hair thickness and shape were not linked to increased alopecia risk.
June 2024 in “Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal” This review discusses the integration of omics analyses in androgenetic alopecia research, reporting no new clinical results but suggesting that collaborative multi-omics studies may enhance understanding of AGA's pathomechanisms.
January 1995 in “Adolescent and pediatric gynecology” This article reviews genetic and phenotypic aspects of androgen insensitivity syndromes, emphasizing the diversity of mutations that complicates molecular screening and the importance of genotype-phenotype correlations.
November 2023 in “Scientific Reports” In this study, researchers used NIH hairless mice to uncover genetic markers associated with hair loss and identified a Lama3 point mutation as a potential genetic contributor, creating a mutant mouse model that may advance the study of androgenetic alopecia.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study uses cryo-electron microscopy to reveal how androgen receptor forms a non-obligate dimer to bind DNA, with implications for prostate cancer development.
June 2026 in “EP Europace” This study found that minoxidil and finasteride, commonly used for androgenetic alopecia, were associated with different arrhythmia profiles in adverse event reports: minoxidil predominantly with supraventricular arrhythmias and finasteride primarily with ventricular arrhythmias in men.
2 citations
,
April 2021 in “Reproductive health of woman” This study found that among women with PCOS, the most common clinical symptoms were menstrual dysfunction, infertility, acne, and hirsutism, with the non-androgenic phenotype being the most frequently identified.
62 citations
,
March 2011 in “European journal of endocrinology” This study found that parents identified with cryptic NCCAH through genetic testing are mostly asymptomatic but may experience temporary female infertility and require glucocorticoid stress coverage in specific circumstances.
42 citations
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July 2017 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that insulin resistance was significantly associated with PCOS among infertile women with central obesity, highlighting differences in insulin and phenotype severity.
28 citations
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April 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that Caucasian and Asian women with PCOS in the San Francisco Bay Area had a similar prevalence of androgen excess, including hirsutism, across most measures.
25 citations
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July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” This study found that spironolactone reduced fish fecundity and caused masculinization of females at certain concentrations, while having no effect on Daphnia magna reproduction, underscoring concerns for environmental exposure to vertebrates.
July 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” GLP-1 therapies can cause hair loss, but hair often regrows after stopping or reducing the drug.