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Glossary Adenosine Triphosphate

molecule that provides energy for cellular processes

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that serves as the primary energy carrier in cells. It stores and transports chemical energy within cells, enabling various biological processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it provides the energy needed for many cellular functions.

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research IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF POLY(ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE‐RIBOSE) SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN SKIN

13 citations , April 1982 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis in human skin varies by cell type and condition, with distinct patterns in psoriatic, cancerous, and normal tissues.

research Preparation of highly-concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma for biomedical use

14 citations , April 2019 in “The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal”

This study developed a simple method to prepare highly concentrated, resting platelet-rich plasma suitable for cell therapy, effectively preventing clotting while maintaining platelet reactivity and minimizing hemorrhage risk.

research 217 The adenosine-generating ecto-enzyme CD73 regulates human hair growth

August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that the activity of CD73, an enzyme expressed in the hair follicle epithelium, may regulate human hair growth by modulating adenosine production.

Adenosine as an Active Ingredient in Topical Preparations Against Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Clinical Trials

research Adenosine as an Active Ingredient in Topical Preparations Against Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Clinical Trials

July 2025 in “Biomolecules”

This systematic review found that topical adenosine may increase hair thickness and density while reducing hair loss, but the strength of evidence is low due to issues with trial design and sample size.

research 671 The adenosine-generating ecto-enzyme, CD73, functions as an intrafollicular regulator of human hair growth

April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD73 may regulate hair growth and could be targeted for hair growth treatments.

research Adenosine and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases

1 citations , May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study suggests that targeting adenosine receptors could be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation in inflammatory skin disorders, with promising results observed in animal models.

research Photobiomodulation in Cells’ Repair

1 citations , July 2020 in “Dermatology”

This review discusses the mechanisms, applications, and research evidence of photobiomodulation, highlighting its efficacy, safety, and potential for standardized evaluation methods, but reports no new clinical results.

STAT5 Activation in the Dermal Papilla Is Important for Hair Follicle Growth Phase Induction, Hair Follicle Regeneration, and Wound Healing

research 219 STAT5 activation in the dermal papilla is important for hair follicle growth phase induction, hair follicle regeneration and wound healing

1 citations , August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This research reported that STAT5 activation in the dermal papilla plays a crucial role in triggering anagen entry during post-developmental hair follicle cycling.

research Current Progress Regarding Cordyceps militaris, Its Metabolite Function, and Its Production

1 citations , May 2024 in “Applied Sciences”

This review analyzed current studies on metabolite production from the medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris, focusing on its fermentation modes and biological functions, and emphasizes the need for modern fermentation processes to enhance industrial production.

Ingredients of Trichological Shampoos with Alleged Beneficial Effects on Hair—What Is Really Known About Their Efficacy? A Scoping Review of an Area with More Unknowns than Knowns

research Ingredients of Trichological Shampoos with Alleged Beneficial Effects on Hair—What Is Really Known About Their Efficacy? A Scoping Review of an Area with More Unknowns than Knowns

November 2025 in “Cosmetics”

This study found that of the many ingredients advertised in shampoos as effective against hair loss, only caffeine, adenosine, placental proteins, and melatonin have limited clinical evidence supporting their efficacy, with most claimed active ingredients lacking any trial-based validation.

research Enzymes

March 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology”

This guide provides an overview of the complex roles and mechanisms of various receptors and channels in pharmacology but does not report new experimental results.

research Critical Role of ATP-P2X7 Axis in UV-Induced Melanogenesis

23 citations , March 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that extracellular ATP released from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes promotes melanin production through the P2X7 receptor, indicating a role for ATP-P2X7 signaling in UV-induced melanogenesis.

Potassium Channel Therapeutics at the Bedside

research K channel therapeutics at the bedside

119 citations , June 2005 in “Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology”

This article reviews the therapeutic potential of potassium channel openers for various conditions related to metabolic distress but does not report new clinical results; it emphasizes the need for further research.

AGD1, A Class 1 ARF-GAP, Acts in Common Signaling Pathways with Phosphoinositide Metabolism and the Actin Cytoskeleton in Controlling Arabidopsis Root Hair Polarity

research AGD1, a class 1 ARF‐GAP, acts in common signaling pathways with phosphoinositide metabolism and the actin cytoskeleton in controlling Arabidopsis root hair polarity

56 citations , December 2011 in “The Plant Journal”

AGD1 is important for root hair development in Arabidopsis, working with phosphoinositide signaling and the actin cytoskeleton.

research Regeneration of Chronic Wounds with Allogeneic Platelet Gel versus Hydrogel Treatment: a Prospective Study

25 citations , January 2018 in “Acta Clinica Croatica”

This study found that allogeneic platelet gel significantly improved healing in non-healing chronic lower leg ulcers compared to hydrogel treatment.

Influence of the Alkylsulfonylamino Substituent Located at the 6-Position of 2,2-Dimethylchromans Structurally Related to Cromakalim: From Potassium Channel Openers to Calcium Entry Blockers?

research Influence of the alkylsulfonylamino substituent located at the 6-position of 2,2-dimethylchromans structurally related to cromakalim: From potassium channel openers to calcium entry blockers?

6 citations , April 2014 in “European journal of medicinal chemistry”

This study found that several newly synthesized dihydrobenzopyran compounds inhibited insulin secretion and had vasorelaxant activity, with some more potent than reference KATP channel activators, though compound 21 functioned as a Ca2+ entry blocker.

research Supplementation for athletes – part 1 – creatine

1 citations , May 2023 in “Farmacja Polska”

This study summarizes current knowledge on the role of creatine in the human body, its applications in supplementation, and its impact on muscle mass, especially noting that animal-based foods are primary dietary sources and that women may experience health benefits from supplementation.

research Optimized Methodology to Produce Platelet-Rich Plasma and Perform Platelet Aggregation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

September 2024 in “Cureus”

In this study, researchers optimized a method for preparing platelet-rich plasma to improve light transmittance aggregometry testing in coronary artery disease patients on clopidogrel and ticagrelor, finding distinct differences in platelet aggregation and volumes among these patients compared to healthy controls.

Effectiveness and Safety of Standard Chemotherapy in Older Patients With Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis by Age Group and Treatment Regimen

research Effectiveness and safety of standard chemotherapy in older patients with ovarian cancer: a retrospective analysis by age group and treatment regimen

December 2023 in “Frontiers in oncology”

The study found that patients over 70 with advanced ovarian cancer may have better overall and progression-free survival with weekly paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy compared to a three-weekly regimen, despite increased blood-related toxicities.

research GROWTH OF HEAD HAIR DURING TREATMENT WITH DIAZOXIDE

June 1975 in “Lancet”

A bald man grew hair on his head after taking a drug called diazoxide, but lost it again when he stopped the medication.

research Effect of Leaves of Ginkgo biloba on Hair Regrowth in C3H Strain Mice

37 citations , January 1993 in “Yakugaku zasshi”

This study found that a 70% ethanolic extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves promotes hair regrowth in C3H mice.

Oral Minoxidil Bio-Activation by Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Cell Sulfotransferase Enzymes Predicts Clinical Efficacy in Female Pattern Hair Loss

research Oral minoxidil bio‐activation by hair follicle outer root sheath cell sulfotransferase enzymes predicts clinical efficacy in female pattern hair loss

9 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Minoxidil activation by hair enzymes predicts treatment success for female hair loss.

research Potential role and therapeutic interests of myo-inositol in metabolic diseases

369 citations , June 2013 in “Biochimie”

This review discusses the potential benefits of myo-inositol supplementation for insulin resistance-related disorders and diabetic complications, but reports no new clinical results.

research Regulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism by Tumor Suppressor FLCN

81 citations , November 2012 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute”

This study found that FLCN deficiency in mice muscles led to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and a metabolic shift towards oxidative phosphorylation, with a similar advantage observed in FLCN-null kidney cancer cells.

OsUEV1B, a Ubc Enzyme Variant Protein, Is Required for Phosphate Homeostasis in Rice

research OsUEV1B, an Ubc enzyme variant protein, is required for phosphate homeostasis in rice

4 citations , February 2021 in “Plant journal”

This study found that the protein OsUEV1B is essential for maintaining phosphate balance in rice, with Pi deficiency leading to its inhibition and causing overaccumulation of phosphate in mutants.

research The Efficacy of Local Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Prepared by Single and Double Spin Methods in the Treatment of Chronic Ulcer

2 citations , May 2024 in “Cureus”

This study found that both single and double spin platelet-rich plasma methods significantly reduced chronic ulcer surface area, with single spin showing notable healing improvements.

research Caffeine’s Mechanisms of Action and Its Cosmetic Use

153 citations , October 2012 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

This review discusses the use of caffeine in cosmetics for its fat-reducing, antioxidant, and hair growth properties, but reports no new research findings.

research Structure of human steroid 5α-reductase 2 with the anti-androgen drug finasteride

30 citations , October 2020 in “Nature Communications”

This study provides the first crystal structure of the human SRD5A2 enzyme, revealing key insights into its function and inhibition which may aid future drug development.

research The clinical spectrum of parathyroid disease

8 citations , December 1981 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This review addresses clinical findings in parathyroid disease and discusses the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone, reporting no new results.

Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt Pathway, Growth Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development

research Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt Pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development

136 citations , May 2019 in “Cells”

This review discusses the advancements in intraoperative stem cell therapies and highlights their potential to improve hair regrowth, but it reports no new clinical results.