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AIRE-deficient rats developed severe autoimmune disease similar to APECED, useful for testing treatments.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Using anabolic androgenic steroids can cause serious, lasting health problems in many parts of the body.

Different hormones affect hair growth and conditions, with some causing hair loss and others promoting it.

Thyroid diseases may contribute to autoimmune skin diseases, and more research is needed on their relationship.

Different sPLA2 enzymes affect immunity, skin and hair health, reproduction, and may be potential targets for therapy.

All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.

Researchers found potential urine markers for polycystic ovary syndrome, including testosterone-glucuronide and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, which may help diagnose the condition.

DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.

Procyanidins from grape seeds reduce nerve pain by blocking specific proteins and inflammation.

Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

Finasteride and dutasteride reduce neurosteroid production, possibly helping treat glioblastoma.

Blocking TSLP reduces skin inflammation and cell overgrowth in psoriasis.

The study concluded that testing hormone levels after stimulation is not reliable for identifying carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency; genetic testing is necessary.

Inflammation plays a key role in activating skin stem cells for hair growth and wound healing, but more research is needed to understand how it directs cell behavior.

The research suggests that the ZP4 gene is linked to egg development in women with PCOS but requires more study to understand its role in infertility.

UVB radiation changes the levels of certain microRNAs in skin cells, which may affect cell survival and hair growth.

The document concludes that PCOS has a strong genetic component, but more research is needed to fully understand the specific genes involved.

The article suggests that targeting specific immune pathways could help control and treat the skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa.

Selenium might help with insulin resistance and cholesterol in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.

Leptin affects skin and hair health and may worsen some skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full impact.

FPHL is common in women, influenced by genetics and hormones, and can be treated with medications, laser therapy, or hair transplantation.

The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause skin issues but are linked to better cancer outcomes.

Alternative treatments show promise for hair growth beyond traditional methods.

Low-level laser therapy improves hair growth and dermal papilla cell function.

Targeting specific miRNAs may help treat hair follicle issues caused by hydrogen peroxide.

ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.