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Glossary Androgen Receptor

protein in cells that binds male hormones to regulate genes

The androgen receptor (AR) is a type of protein found inside cells that binds to androgens, which are male hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This binding activates the receptor, allowing it to enter the cell nucleus and influence the expression of specific genes, playing a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, as well as in conditions like androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness).

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Research

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research Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Androgen Receptor and Nerve Structure Density in Human Prepuce from Patients with Persistent Sexual Side Effects after Finasteride Use for Androgenetic Alopecia

36 citations , June 2014 in “PLOS ONE”

This study found that men with persistent sexual side effects after using finasteride for androgenetic alopecia had higher androgen receptor expression in certain tissues compared to those who never used the drug.

research Dose-dependent and long term effects of RU58841 (androgen receptor blocker) on hair growth in the bald stumptailed Macaque.

1 citations , January 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study using a macaque model, RU58841 at a 5% concentration significantly increased hair density, thickness, and length in the frontal bald scalp over six months.

research The selective androgen receptor modulator GTx‐024 (enobosarm) improves lean body mass and physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women: results of a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase II trial

306 citations , August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle”

This study found that GTx-024 significantly increased total lean body mass and improved physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women, suggesting potential use for muscle wasting conditions.

research Nonsteroidal tissue selective androgen receptor modulators: a promising class of clinical candidates

38 citations , October 2005 in “Expert opinion on therapeutic patents”

This review discusses nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators and their potential therapeutic applications but reports no new clinical findings.

research Circulating and intraprostatic sex steroid hormonal profiles in relation to male pattern baldness and chest hair density among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancers

7 citations , October 2017 in “The Prostate”

This study found that male pattern baldness may serve as a clinical marker for circulating sex hormone levels in men with localized prostate cancer, while chest hair density showed no significant hormone association.

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Community Join

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community Having androgen receptor density and sensitivity at wrong f*ing place

in Satire 7 upvotes 1 year ago

The conversation discusses hair loss treatments, focusing on the use of topical minoxidil, microneedling, finasteride, and dutasteride, while debating the role of testosterone and DHT in hair loss. It also touches on the potential liver health impacts of these treatments and the genetic sensitivity of hair follicles to androgens.

community Dutasteride: More Than a DHT Reducer – A Potential Androgen Receptor Inhibitor?

in Finasteride/Dutasteride 31 upvotes 1 year ago

Dutasteride may inhibit androgen receptors in addition to reducing DHT, potentially explaining its effectiveness over finasteride for hair loss. Concerns about its impact on muscle growth are debated, with some suggesting no significant effects.

community Has anyone powered through the creatine shedding (via increased androgen receptor sensitivity) and stabilized?

9 upvotes 1 year ago

Creatine may cause increased hair shedding due to androgen receptor sensitivity, despite limited evidence. The user is using dutasteride and minoxidil and seeks advice on whether shedding will stabilize, with suggestions including GHK-Cu and RU58841.

community Why Fin/Dut Isn't Working for You GPR133: a new hairloss mechanism + Steroid Hair Loss Deep Dive

6 upvotes 2 months ago

Hair loss may be linked to the GPR133 receptor, independent of the androgen receptor pathway. Treatments like finasteride, dutasteride, minoxidil, RU58841, and KX-826 show varying results, with hair loss persisting due to high testosterone and GPR133's role.

community What is preventing GT20029 from being the cure to androgenetic hair loss?

10 upvotes 1 year ago

GT20029 is discussed as a potential treatment for androgenetic hair loss by targeting androgen receptors, unlike finasteride which reduces DHT broadly. Concerns include its effectiveness, genetic variations in androgen receptors, and availability, with some skepticism about its potential as a true alternative.

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Learn

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learn Neem Oil

Oil from the neem tree, used in traditional remedies

learn GT20029

Experimental topical drug designed to break down androgen receptors

What is GT20029 and how does it work as a topical anti-androgen for hair loss? GT20029 is an investigational topical androgen-receptor degrader. One 12-week Phase II trial in 180 Chinese men found two of four regimens beat placebo on hair count; it is not approved or available.

learn Clascoterone

Topical androgen-receptor blocker, approved as an acne cream

What is clascoterone and how does it work against hair loss? Clascoterone blocks androgen receptors in the skin. It is approved only for acne; a scalp solution is still investigational for hair loss.

learn Cyproterone

a synthetic anti-androgen and weak progestogen that inhibits DHT binding to androgen receptor

learn Fluridil

How is Fluridil different from other DHT blockers like finasteride? Fluridil is a topical androgen-receptor blocker applied to the scalp, while finasteride is an oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that lowers DHT throughout the body. Finasteride is FDA-approved and far better studied; Fluridil rests on one 43-man trial and is not licensed as a hair-loss medicine, so its long-term safety and effect size are unknown.

learn Bicalutamide

Can bicalutamide stop DHT from shrinking your hair follicles? Bicalutamide blocks androgens at the receptor rather than lowering DHT, and some dermatologists prescribe it off-label for women with pattern hair loss, although its US label says it should not be used in women. The one randomised trial (74 women, 2025) found it added no benefit to oral minoxidil, and the drug needs liver monitoring because its label warns of severe and fatal liver injury; it is contraindicated in pregnancy.

learn KX-826

Kintor Pharmaceutical: KX-826, a New Name in Hair Loss Research KX-826 (pyrilutamide) is an experimental topical androgen receptor blocker from Kintor Pharmaceutical and is not approved as a medicine anywhere. Its first China Phase III trial did not beat placebo; the company reported in March 2026 that a later Phase III of a 1.0% formulation met its primary endpoint, but these results are company announcements, not peer-reviewed, and long-term safety is unknown.

learn Pyrilutamide

Experimental topical anti-androgen, also known as KX-826

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