Understanding Androgenetic Alopecia: Continuing Medical Education

The document from 2011 reviews androgenetic alopecia (AGA), detailing its prevalence, pathophysiology, genetic factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. AGA affects over 50% of men by age 50 and about 30% of women by age 70, with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) being the main hormone responsible for hair follicle miniaturization in men, while the role of androgens in women is less clear. Genetic predisposition is noted, particularly involving the AR gene, with fewer CAG repeats linked to higher risk of baldness. Diagnostic methods include physical examination, patient history, dermatoscopy, trichogram, and scalp biopsy, with differential diagnosis from conditions like telogen effluvium. Treatments aim to increase scalp coverage and slow progression, with finasteride and minoxidil being the most evidence-based options. Over 80% of women see improvement with oral antiandrogens, and contraceptives are recommended for those of childbearing age to prevent side effects. The document also discusses less effective treatments and emphasizes the need for ongoing research and patient education due to the condition's psychosocial impact.