The Immune Response to COVID-19: Does Sex Matter?

April 2022 in “ Immunology ”

Jim Q. Ho, Mohammad Reza Sepand, Banafsheh Bigdelou, Tala Shekarian, Rahim Esfandyarpour, Prashant Chauhan, Vahid Serpooshan, Lalit K. Beura, Gregor Hütter, Saeid Zanganeh

sex hormones TMPRSS2 oestrogen TLR7 immune response antiviral immunity sex-related genes estrogen immune system

Studysummary This review discusses sex differences in immune responses to COVID-19 and highlights that males tend to experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality but reports no new clinical findings.

Automatically generated from the study's abstract, not written by a person, and not a review of the full paper. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Read the original study, and consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

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research The Immune Response to COVID-19: Does Sex Matter?

15 citations , April 2022 in “Immunology”

This review discusses sex differences in immune responses to COVID-19 and highlights that males tend to experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality but reports no new clinical findings.

research Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study

202 citations , January 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine”

This study found that female COVID-19 survivors were more likely than males to experience multiple long-term post-COVID symptoms, including fatigue, pain, hair loss, and mood disorders.

research Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Mortality of Prostate Cancer Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Based Analysis

9 citations , November 2021 in “Infectious Agents and Cancer”

This study found that the active use of androgen deprivation therapy was not associated with a reduced risk of death in prostate cancer patients with COVID-19.

Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

research Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

42 citations , July 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

In this study, proxalutamide significantly reduced the 30-day hospitalization rate by 91% compared to placebo in men with COVID-19 treated in outpatient settings.

research The Antiandrogen Enzalutamide Downregulates TMPRSS2 and Reduces Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Lung Cells

50 citations , July 2021 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that the antiandrogen drug enzalutamide reduced TMPRSS2 levels and significantly decreased SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection in lung cells, supporting further clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment.

research Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Persistent Symptoms at the Post-Viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of Current Data

151 citations , May 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

This systematic review observed that a significant number of COVID-19 patients report long-term symptoms, including neurologic complaints and chronic fatigue, highlighting the presence of "post-COVID syndrome.

research The Double-Edged Sword of Testosterone’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic

29 citations , March 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

This review discusses the dual role of testosterone in COVID-19 progression and suggests its importance in understanding the disease's mechanisms, highlighting the need for further targeted research.

Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial

research Early Antiandrogen Therapy With Dutasteride Reduces Viral Shedding, Inflammatory Responses, and Time-to-Remission in Males With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Interventional Trial

41 citations , February 2021 in “Cureus”

This study found that in males with mild COVID-19, treatment with dutasteride, along with standard therapy, may reduce viral shedding and inflammation compared to placebo.

research Sex Differences in COVID-19: The Role of Androgens in Disease Severity and Progression

121 citations , November 2020 in “Endocrine”

This review discusses evidence on androgen sensitivity as a potential factor in COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting that androgen receptor interactions could influence virus entry and progression, and reports no new clinical results.

research The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases

34 citations , July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology”

This mini-review discusses the role of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and reports no new results.

Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19?

research Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19?

71 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This article discusses the potential link between genetic variants associated with androgen receptor activity and racial variations in COVID-19 mortality, suggesting a possible role for anti-androgens in treatment, but reports no new clinical findings.

A Preliminary Observation: Male Pattern Hair Loss Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Spain – A Potential Clue to the Role of Androgens in COVID-19 Severity

research A Preliminary Observation: Male Pattern Hair Loss Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Spain – A Potential Clue to the Role of Androgens in COVID-19 Severity

134 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Male pattern hair loss could hint at androgens affecting COVID-19 severity.