Effects of Microwave-Assisted Opuntia Humifusa Extract in Inhibiting the Impacts of Particulate Matter on Human Keratinocyte Skin Cells

The study demonstrated that microwave-assisted Opuntia humifusa extract (MA-OHE) effectively protected human keratinocyte skin cells from the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM). MA-OHE, with enhanced antioxidant properties and reduced viscosity, improved cell viability, reduced PM-induced cytotoxicity, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It also lowered apoptosis and necrosis rates, reduced DNA damage, and inhibited pro-inflammatory protein expression. The extract downregulated MAPK signaling pathways and protected against AhR degradation, making it a promising candidate for cosmetic applications aimed at mitigating PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in skin cells.