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    Glossary Particulate Matter

    mixture of tiny solid particles and liquid droplets in air

    Particulate Matter (PM) refers to a mixture of tiny solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. These particles can include dust, dirt, soot, and smoke, and they vary in size, with PM10 and PM2.5 being common classifications based on their diameter in micrometers. PM2.5, in particular, can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, posing significant health risks such as respiratory and cardiovascular issues.

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    1. Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis Archives of Toxicology · 2018 · 215 citations
    2. Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter (PM10) on Human Dermal Fibroblasts International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2018 · 68 citations
    3. Eupafolin nanoparticles protect HaCaT keratinocytes from particulate matter-induced inflammation and oxidative stress International Journal of Nanomedicine · 2016 · 43 citations
    4. Effects of Microwave-Assisted Opuntia humifusa Extract in Inhibiting the Impacts of Particulate Matter on Human Keratinocyte Skin Cell Antioxidants · 2020 · 26 citations
    5. Clionasterol-Rich Fraction of Caulerpa racemosa against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Related Signaling Pathway Antioxidants · 2022 · 5 citations
    6. Saponins of Korean Red Ginseng May Protect Human Skin from Adipokine-Associated Inflammation and Pigmentation Resulting from Particulate Matter Exposure Nutrients · 2022 · 4 citations
    7. Effects of ultraviolet rays and particulate matter on hair porosity in damaged hair Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2024 · 3 citations
    8. Long-term particulate matter exposure and risk of alopecia areata: a nationwide epidemiological study with preliminary <i>in vitro</i> evidence British Journal of Dermatology · 2026
    9. Long-Term Particulate Matter Exposure and Risk of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Nationwide Cohort Study JAAD International · 2026
    10. Particulate matter exposure induces maternal scalp hair loss after birth in C57/B6 mouse via alteration of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2026
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    1. $20,000 reimbursement to participate in a Hair Loss Clinical Trial (in Australia) that could grow back your hair and reverse grey hair if successful. Reddit · 3 Mar 2026

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