Dynamic Immunomodulatory Nanoarchitectonics: Rewiring Tissue Regenerative Microenvironment via Intelligent Regulation

The document explores the role of immunomodulatory biomaterials in tissue regeneration, emphasizing the importance of regulating immune responses to enhance healing and reduce scarring. It highlights the transition of macrophages from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes as crucial for tissue repair. Biomaterials, such as mesenchymal cell membrane-coated scaffolds, can guide immune cells towards regenerative phenotypes. The document also discusses the roles of various immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, in tissue repair. It underscores the potential of biomaterials with specific physicochemical properties to modulate immune responses, enhance regenerative outcomes, and minimize adverse reactions. Innovations like 3D printable hydrogels and light-activated patches are noted for their ability to modulate immune responses and promote tissue regeneration. The document calls for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance these strategies in regenerative medicine, focusing on optimizing interactions between biomaterials and immune cells.