Humanized CXCL12 Antibody Delays Onset and Modulates Immune Response in Alopecia Areata Mice: Insights from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

October 2024 in “ Frontiers in Immunology ”

Seungchan An, Mei Zheng, In Guk Park, Sang Gyu Park, Minsoo Noh, Jong‐Hyuk Sung

alopecia areata CXCL12 antibody T cells dendritic cells macrophages single-cell RNA sequencing immune cell chemotaxis type II interferon Ifng Cd8a AA CXCL12

Studysummary In this study, researchers prepared a humanized CXCL12 antibody for alopecia areata treatment, finding it significantly delayed disease onset in mice and reduced immune cell activation, suggesting potential as an immune modulatory therapy.

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research CXCL12 Neutralizing Antibody Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata

January 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that subcutaneous injection of a CXCL12 neutralizing antibody significantly promoted hair growth in androgenic alopecia and inhibited hair loss in alopecia areata in mouse models, suggesting its potential as a promising treatment for hair loss.

research CXCL12+ Dermal Fibroblasts Promote Neutrophil Recruitment and Host Defense by Recognition of IL-17

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This study found that CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets in mouse skin play a critical role in recruiting neutrophils and defending against S. aureus infection, with similar fibroblast activity observed in human psoriatic skin.

research Inhibition of T-Cell Activity in Alopecia Areata: Recent Developments and New Directions

4 citations , November 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology”

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

research Integrated Single-Cell Chromatin and Transcriptomic Analyses of Human Scalp Identify Gene-Regulatory Programs and Critical Cell Types for Hair and Skin Diseases

47 citations , July 2023 in “Nature Genetics”

research Functional Interrogation of Lymphocyte Subsets in Alopecia Areata Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

23 citations , July 2023 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

In this study using a mouse model and human data, researchers found that CD8+ T cells are central to driving alopecia areata, while regulatory T cells offer some protection, highlighting CD8+ T cells as key targets for future therapy development.

research Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review

3 citations , May 2023 in “Clinical drug investigation”

This study reviewed the safety of JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata, finding that common side effects included headache and acne, with varying risks for respiratory infections and no increased risk of serious adverse events.

research The Efficacy and Safety of JAK Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

37 citations , August 2022 in “Frontiers in pharmacology”

This study found that oral JAK inhibitors are effective and generally well-tolerated for treating alopecia areata, but high recurrence rates after stopping treatment suggest the need for continuous use.

research CXCL12 Inhibits Hair Growth Through CXCR4

April 2022 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy”

This study found that CXCL12 inhibits hair growth via the CXCR4/STAT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting this pathway could be a promising approach for promoting hair growth.

research Resident Human Dermal Gamma Delta T-Cells Operate as Stress Sentinels: Lessons from the Hair Follicle

27 citations , August 2021 in “Journal of Autoimmunity”

This study found that human dermal γδT-cells can act as stress sentinels and potentially trigger autoimmune responses toward stressed hair follicles, resembling features of alopecia areata.

research A Transcriptomic Map of Murine and Human Alopecia Areata

26 citations , May 2020 in “JCI Insight”

In this study, single-cell sequencing revealed clonal expansions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in murine and human alopecia areata, supporting the development of predictive models for human disease.

research Tofacitinib 2% Ointment, a Topical Janus Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Pilot Study of 10 Patients

48 citations , November 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models Illuminate Autoimmune Pathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies

82 citations , March 2016 in “Autoimmunity reviews”

This review explores animal models of alopecia areata, particularly focusing on the insights they've provided into the disease's immune mechanisms and potential treatment approaches, without reporting new experimental data.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.