Alopecia Areata: Autoimmune Nature, Genetic Associations, and Treatments

August 2005 in “ Springer eBooks ”

Pia Freyschmidt‐Paul, Kevin J. McElwee, Rolf Hoffmann

alopecia areata autoimmune genetic associations intralesional triamcinolone acetonide topical minoxidil PUVA therapy HLA antigens cytokines T lymphocytes triamcinolone Rogaine psoralen and ultraviolet A

TLDR Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease with genetic links, treatable with certain medications, and can affect mental health.

The document reviewed various studies and clinical observations related to alopecia areata, highlighting its autoimmune nature and genetic associations. It discussed treatments such as intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, topical minoxidil, and PUVA therapy, and noted the involvement of HLA antigens and cytokines in the disease's pathogenesis. The document also mentioned the occurrence of alopecia areata in families and its association with other autoimmune conditions, such as thyroid disease and Down syndrome. Additionally, it referenced the psychological impact of alopecia areata and the role of T lymphocytes in mediating the condition.

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Research cited in this study

30 / 30 results

research Intralesional Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Triamcinolone Acetonide by Jet Injector

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Hair loss in mice starts with immune cells damaging hair roots before it becomes visible.

research Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Under Occlusion in the Treatment of Alopecia Totalis/Universalis

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Clobetasol propionate ointment can help some people with total hair loss regrow hair.

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39 citations , April 2003 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

PUVA treatment led to significant hair regrowth in over half of the patients with alopecia areata totalis and universalis.

research Gene Array Profiling and Immunomodulation Studies Define a Cell-Mediated Immune Response Underlying the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata in a Mouse Model and Humans

114 citations , August 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models

69 citations , July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Alopecia areata is influenced by genetics and immune system factors, and better understanding could improve treatments.

research Transient CD44 Variant Isoform Expression and Reduction in CD4+/CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in C3H/HeJ Mice with Alopecia Areata

77 citations , June 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.

research Melanocyte and Gonad Activity as Potential Severity Modifying Factors in C3H/HeJ Mouse Alopecia Areata

30 citations , December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology”

Gonadal hormones significantly affect the severity of alopecia areata in mice.

research Current and Potential Agents for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

41 citations , February 2001 in “Current pharmaceutical design”

Current and future treatments for alopecia areata focus on immunosuppression, immunomodulation, and protecting hair follicles.

research Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in Chronic Alopecia Areata

127 citations , January 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Cytotoxic T cells cause hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.

research Experimental Induction of Alopecia Areata-Like Hair Loss in C3H/HeJ Mice Using Full-Thickness Skin Grafts

131 citations , November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Skin grafts on mice can cause an immune response leading to hair loss, useful for studying human hair loss conditions.

research Treatment of Widespread Alopecia Areata in Young Patients with Monthly Oral Corticosteroid Pulse

48 citations , July 1998 in “Pediatric Dermatology”

Monthly oral corticosteroid pulses effectively treat widespread alopecia areata in young patients.

research Comparison of Alopecia Areata in Human and Nonhuman Mammalian Species

71 citations , January 1998 in “Pathobiology”

The document concludes that certain rats and mice are useful for studying hair loss in humans and testing treatments.

research The Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

89 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

research Genetic Control of Cytokines

23 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic clinics”

Genes affect cytokine production, which can influence chronic diseases, and certain interventions may help prevent related molecular damage.

research Pulsed Administration of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

117 citations , February 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

A 300 mg monthly pulse of prednisolone effectively and safely treats widespread alopecia areata.

research PUVA Treatment of Alopecia Areata Partialis, Totalis, and Universalis: Audit of 10 Years' Experience at St John's Institute of Dermatology

105 citations , December 1995 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

PUVA treatment is generally ineffective for alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata in Korea (1982–1994)

46 citations , November 1995 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Alopecia areata was most common in people in their 30s and 40s, with some family history and a higher relapse rate, and larger bald areas responded better to specific immunotherapy.

research Alopecia Areata in Aging C3H/HeJ Mice

178 citations , June 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Alopecia areata in these mice is inherited, more common in young females, and can be treated with triamcinolone acetonide.

research Alopecia Areata in Children: Response to Treatment with Diphencyprone

84 citations , August 1991 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Most children treated with diphencyprone regrew some or all of their hair.

research Extensive Alopecia Areata: Results of Treatment with 3% Topical Minoxidil

36 citations , March 1989 in “Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine”

3% topical minoxidil effectively treats extensive alopecia areata.

research Topical Minoxidil (3%) in Extensive Alopecia Areata, Including Long-Term Efficacy

54 citations , March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

3% topical minoxidil effectively treats extensive alopecia areata with few side effects.

research Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Topical Minoxidil in Extensive Alopecia Areata

104 citations , March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Minoxidil helps hair growth in 63.6% of alopecia patients, with 27.3% having excellent results.

research Topical Photochemotherapy for Alopecia Areata

63 citations , April 1985 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Topical PUVA can cause temporary hair regrowth in some alopecia areata patients but doesn't change the long-term outcome.

research Topical Minoxidil for Hair Regrowth

80 citations , September 1984 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

5% minoxidil helps hair regrowth in androgenic alopecia.

research Alopecia Areata Treated With Topical Minoxidil

16 citations , April 1984 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Topical minoxidil can help hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients, but maintaining the growth after stopping treatment is inconsistent.

research Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

18 citations , March 1984 in “BMJ”

Minoxidil helps hair regrowth in alopecia, but more research needed.

research Topical Treatment of Extended Alopecia

17 citations , January 1977 in “Dermatology”

Ultraviolet light helped hair growth more effectively than triamcinolone acetonide.

research Large Doses of Glucocorticoid in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

80 citations , November 1975 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

Large doses of glucocorticoids are not suitable for general use in treating severe alopecia areata due to inconsistent results and risks.

research A Comparison of Intralesional Triamcinolone Hexacetonide and Triamcinolone Acetonide in Alopecia Areata

75 citations , September 1971 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Both steroids effectively promote hair growth for at least 9 months.

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A child with rough nails also had hair loss and allergies.

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