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Mutations in the vitamin D receptor cause hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets, leading to poor bone health and requiring high calcium doses for treatment.

Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.

Neurotrophins are important for hair growth and could help treat hair loss.

Damaging mutations in NFKB2 cause a severe and distinct form of primary immunodeficiency with early-onset and often ACTH-deficiency.

Androgen receptors are active in many tissues of both male and female mice, not just reproductive organs.

Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.

PCOS management includes lifestyle changes and medications, with ongoing research into repurposed drugs for better treatment options.

Using your own skin cells can help repair aging skin and promote hair growth.

Probiotics show promise for health benefits but need more research to understand how they work.

Women with PCOS have more severe liver disease.

GLP-1 receptor agonists, like Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, and Semaglutide, have potential benefits beyond the pancreas, including neuroprotection, pain suppression, cardiovascular protection, obesity management, and cancer treatment, but there are concerns about pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer risks.

Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.

Janus kinase inhibitors show promise in treating alopecia areata but need better topical formulations.

9-cis-retinoic acid showed some effectiveness in treating AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma but had significant side effects at higher doses.

Hair loss in middle-aged women is often linked to insulin resistance and a family history of hair loss, particularly from their fathers.

Deleting part of a gene in mice causes wavy hair and high pup loss.

Women may need different blood pressure guidelines than men for heart disease prevention.

Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.

Hydrogel with M2-derived exosomes improves wound healing by slowly releasing exosomes that help reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair.

Vitamin D might help regulate insulin in the body, but taking Vitamin D supplements doesn't clearly prevent or improve type 2 diabetes. More research is needed.

Melanoma's complexity requires personalized treatments due to key genetic mutations and tumor-initiating cells.

Insulin resistance and high male hormone levels are major causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Sirtuin 1 could be a potential drug target for treating hypertrophic scars.

The document concludes that understanding genetic mutations in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway can lead to better diagnosis and treatment for certain genetic skin disorders.

Direct vasodilators and sympatholytic agents are still useful for certain conditions despite being less common due to side effects and newer drugs.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is common in women with conditions like anovulation, hirsutism, hair loss, and type 2 diabetes, and it can lead to health risks like heart disease, obesity, insulin resistance, and depression. Non-Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NC-CAH) is also discussed.

Akebia quinata and Akebia trifoliata have many health benefits and potential medical uses.

Nanoethosomes can improve the skin penetration of Lidocaine for topical use.

Stopping mitochondrial respiration can prevent brain cancer spread in skin cancer patients, and plant compound β-sitosterol could help achieve this.

Auto-antibody testing is a useful but not definitive tool in diagnosing interstitial lung diseases, and using a specific algorithm could make testing more cost-effective.