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Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair loss, but continued research is needed for better treatments.

Changing how mesenchymal stromal cells are grown can improve their healing abilities.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Stress stops hair growth in mice by causing early hair growth phase end and harmful inflammation through a specific nerve-related pathway.

Hair loss needs more research for better treatments.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Latanoprost can make eyelashes longer, thicker, and darker.

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Hibiscus plant extracts may have health benefits like lowering blood pressure and protecting the heart.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.

Minoxidil effectively treats hair loss, but use cautiously and monitor side effects.

Early hair loss may indicate risk of insulin resistance.

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Blocking the virus's entry into cells by targeting certain pathways could lead to early COVID-19 treatments.

Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.

Topical drugs and near-infrared light therapy show potential for treating alopecia.

Minoxidil helps hair growth and prevents hair loss in androgenetic alopecia. It's safe and effective.

Dermal exosomes with miR-218-5p boost hair growth by controlling β-catenin signaling.

Minoxidil promotes hair growth by increasing cell division and DNA synthesis.

Oral minoxidil promotes hair growth but may cause side effects; needs monitoring.