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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.

Regenerated fully functional hair follicles using stem cells, with potential for hair regrowth therapy.

PRC2 is essential for maintaining intestinal cell balance and aiding regeneration after damage.

Activating β-catenin in mammary cells leads to changes that cause early-stage abnormal growths similar to skin structures.

Biomimetic scaffolds are better than traditional methods for growing cells and could help regenerate various tissues.

New research suggests that skin cell renewal may not require a special type of cell previously thought to be essential.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

Transgender patients on masculinizing hormones have higher hair loss rates than cisgender women.

Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.

Most transgender patients getting laser hair removal before gender-affirming surgery are already on hormone therapy, which might affect the hair removal process.

The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.

Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.

Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.

Younger transgender women have surgery earlier, are mostly attracted to men, and show more preoperative depression that improves after surgery compared to older transgender women.

Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.

Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.

Hormone imbalance is linked to Hidradenitis Suppurativa, a skin condition, and treatments like anti-androgenic therapy and metformin can help. It's also suggested to check patients for insulin resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Hair transplants help transgender patients look more like their gender identity, with different procedures for trans women and men.

Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.

The conclusion is to diagnose PCOS with just hyperandrogenism and irregular periods, and treat with lifestyle changes and basic medications.

Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in dermatology can lead to better, more sensitive care for sexual and gender minority patients.

Finasteride shows promise for female hair loss, but more research needed.

Women with PCOS have distinct retinal changes compared to healthy women.

Older adults still engage in sexual activities but face challenges like health issues and lack of professional support, highlighting the need for better healthcare provider education and research on sexual fulfillment in old age.

Men and women respond differently to drugs for COVID-19, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which suggests a need for personalized treatments.

A transwoman developed a brain tumor after nine years of hormone therapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and tumor development.

Blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor can help treat skin thinning caused by steroids.

PTHrP and its receptor can control blood vessel growth and hair development in mouse skin.

A new tool can analyze hair to detect changes due to hormones, genetics, and aging.