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This review explores the role of the TMPRSS2 gene in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential as a therapeutic target in COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, highlighting challenges in developing selective inhibitors.

This study identifies SOX9 as a critical downstream effector of ERG in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer, indicating its role in tumor invasion and growth.

This discussion proposes a model to incorporate patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer into the existing framework by redefining hormone resistance and exploring new therapeutic approaches.

This review discusses the dual role of the TMPRSS2 gene in coronaviral lung infection and prostate cancer, cautioning against TMPRSS2 inhibitors for early prostate cancer due to potential pro-inflammatory effects.

This article reviews sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes and explores the influence of sex hormones on disease severity, but it reports no new results; further studies are ongoing.

This review highlights that while dexamethasone may reduce mortality in severe COVID-19, no other drugs have proven effectiveness for treatment, emphasizing the need for clinical trials of existing medications.

This review discusses targeting host cell proteases as a novel approach to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting transcriptional modulation and enzymatic inhibition as promising therapeutic strategies, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review examines host factors like ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, exploring how genetic variants and advanced cellular analyses might clarify COVID-19's severity and heterogeneity; it reports no new results.

This study found that higher levels of AR expression are linked to a decreased risk of severe COVID-19 in females, and identified ACE2, MX1, and TMPRSS2 as important molecular markers for COVID-19 management.

This review discusses the structure and function of steroid nuclear receptors, particularly focusing on androgen receptor dysregulation in prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndromes, without reporting new experimental results.

This article discusses the role of sex hormones in COVID-19 fatality differences between sexes and reports no new clinical results, suggesting that future strategies should consider sex-specific approaches.

This systematic review found that antiandrogens do not appear to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection or reduce COVID-19 severity, suggesting their use is not advisable for COVID-19 treatment.

This review suggests that understanding the biological and molecular reasons for more severe COVID-19 in men, particularly those at risk for prostate cancer, could improve management of these patients, but reports no new results.

This study found that among men over 70, certain genetic variants associated with skin pigmentation affect serum PSA levels, with implications for how sun sensitivity and exposure may influence prostate cancer risk.

This study found that castration-resistant prostate cancers resistant to CYP17A1 inhibitors may still depend on steroids and could respond to therapies targeting de novo intratumoral steroid synthesis.

This review assesses the current literature on COVID-19's effects on male sexual and reproductive health, highlighting significant research gaps and providing guidance for patient counseling.

This review discusses the potential link between androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19 severity, examining the role of androgens and relevant treatments, but reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights that several clinical and epidemiological studies link a diet high in terpenoid compounds with a decreased risk of prostate cancer, supporting the potential use of terpenoids as therapeutic ingredients in treating this disease.

This study found that men have higher COVID-19 positivity, hospitalization, and death rates than women, even when accounting for age differences.

This review discusses the rationale for targeting 5α-reductase isoenzymes in prostate cancer prevention and treatment, highlighting the potential benefits of using inhibitors like dutasteride and finasteride but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that the active use of androgen deprivation therapy was not associated with a reduced risk of death in prostate cancer patients with COVID-19.

This study concluded that incorporating the percentage of free PSA and urinary markers improves the accuracy of determining the need for prostate biopsy.

This review summarizes structural insights into androgen receptor dynamics, highlighting its flexibility in binding numerous partners, which may explain adaptive resistance mutations in cancer and loss of function in androgen insensitivity syndrome.

This review discusses the roles of sex hormones in COVID-19 progression and highlights conflicting evidence on their protective effects and the complexity of sex and gender influences on the disease.

This review summarizes the state of organoid technology, highlighting its potential to transform biomedical research and regenerative medicine by providing accurate models for disease study, drug discovery, and potentially developing functional organs for transplantation.

This review summarizes recent advances in organoid technology for generating tissue models from the three germ layers and reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses evidence on androgen sensitivity as a potential factor in COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting that androgen receptor interactions could influence virus entry and progression, and reports no new clinical results.

Men have worse COVID-19 outcomes than women due to genetic and hormonal differences.

In this study, researchers found that young men with androgenic alopecia exhibited significantly higher mRNA levels of 5α-reductase isozymes and changes in prostate cancer-related genes, which could explain varying responses to treatment and guide future therapies.

Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.