21 citations
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January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” The researchers suggest that testosterone levels might influence COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, with low levels potentially protecting against infection but possibly worsening severe disease due to cytokine storm activation.
38 citations
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May 2021 in “International Journal of Infectious Diseases” This study found that lower testosterone levels in male COVID-19 patients were associated with greater disease severity and longer hospital stays.
November 2021 in “Research Outreach” Low testosterone levels may lead to more severe COVID-19 outcomes.
January 2023 in “Journal of men's health” This study found a weak positive correlation between dihydrotestosterone levels and C-reactive protein in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those with low testosterone, suggesting potential inflammatory effects.
23 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” This review highlights the mixed roles of testosterone in COVID-19, noting both potential benefits through anti-inflammatory effects and risks due to increased virus entry, with low testosterone linked to increased severity.