TLDR The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.
The document from 2009 redefines hormone resistance in prostate cancer by emphasizing the complexity of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). It critiques the outdated terms "hormone-sensitive" and "hormone-refractory," proposing a classification based on castration status. The paper highlights the potential of new therapies targeting AR signaling, including abiraterone acetate, which showed significant antitumor activity in phase I and II studies, and MDV3100, a second-generation AR antagonist with promising results in a phase I/II trial with 140 patients. It also discusses the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, found in over 50% of prostate tumors, which is associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. The document introduces the term "androgen depleted" to describe tumors that progress despite castration and suggests that combination therapies targeting both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent AR pathways may be more effective.
20 citations,
August 2005 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The protein ARA70/ELE1 is involved in male pattern baldness, and lower levels of its short form may lead to hair thinning.
22 citations,
January 2017 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” A new method accurately measures nine specific hormones in human blood.
402 citations,
August 2011 in “Cancer research” Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.
11 citations,
February 2016 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” New treatments for prostate cancer and BPH show promise, including novel compounds that target hormone synthesis and response.
70 citations,
September 2017 in “Expert opinion on therapeutic patents” The review suggests that while many AKR1C3 inhibitors show promise for treating certain cancers, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in humans.
35 citations,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
