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The review concludes that innovations in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and developmental biology are essential for effective tissue repair and organ transplants.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

Sons of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher risk of obesity and insulin resistance, possibly due to certain genes and factors passed down from their mothers.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

Myo-inositol-based treatments greatly improve pregnancy chances for women with PCOS.

Nanocarriers make melatonin more effective and reduce side effects.

Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a common disorder causing symptoms like acne and infertility, and it's managed based on symptoms, not just test results. Treatment can improve fertility and reduce miscarriage risk.

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder causing hormone imbalances, affecting fertility and requiring personalized treatment.

A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.

The 2024 guideline updates recommendations for genetic testing, imaging, and sperm retrieval in male infertility.

The gene SDR5A1 is found in scalp hair of both hirsute and normal individuals, but it does not explain differences in hair growth.

Finasteride changes antioxidant enzyme expression, possibly affecting sperm protection in rats.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

Rutin may help treat symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats.

Post-finasteride syndrome causes lasting sexual, neurological, and physical side effects in some people after taking finasteride.

Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.

Different sPLA2 enzymes affect immunity, skin and hair health, reproduction, and may be potential targets for therapy.

The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.

Understanding how epigenetic regulation affects stem cells is key to cancer insights and new treatments.

Finasteride causes lasting fertility decrease in rats.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.

The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 is important for blood vessel development and fertility in the uterus.

Ficus carica extract improved fertility in rats and may help with certain health conditions.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.