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The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

Dihydrotestosterone and 5α-Reductase play a role in hair loss and prostate health, and finasteride can increase hair growth in men without affecting sperm production, but it doesn't work for postmenopausal women with hair loss.

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

The testes control steroid production through complex interactions involving various cells and signaling molecules.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.

A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.

Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.

COVID-19 might affect male fertility, but more research is needed to understand the full impact.

Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.

Finasteride may cause male infertility, stopping it can help.

5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.

Polyamines are important for hair growth, but more research is needed to understand their functions and treatment potential.

New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.

Wait 3 months after COVID-19 before trying assisted reproduction and further research is needed on COVID-19's effects on male hormones and fertility.

Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.

COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.

Intravital imaging helps us better understand stem cells in their natural environment and could improve knowledge of organ regeneration and cancer development.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.

Hair loss drugs may cause sexual issues and infertility in men.

New minoxidil compounds with better water solubility were made, but their full effects and safety need more research.

Alzheimer's patients have higher levels of certain chemicals in their hair.

Some minoxidil combinations can help differentiate leukemia cells without harming other cells.

The testes produce important hormones like testosterone and others that play key roles in male body functions.

Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.