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Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.

Androgens like testosterone affect hair growth and oil production differently across body parts and individuals.

Hair loss in androgenetic alopecia is caused by genetic factors and androgen excess, and can be treated with combined therapies.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Environmental factors at different levels control hair stem cell activity, which could lead to new hair growth and alopecia treatments.

Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.

High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.

Excessive hair growth can be assessed by history, exam, and blood tests, and treated with medication like dexamethasone, birth control pills, and spironolactone.

Prostate-specific antigen may be a new marker for excess male hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

The conclusion is that hair growth can be improved by activating hair cycles, changing the surrounding environment, healing wounds to create new hair follicles, and using stem cell technology.

The document concludes that PCOS has a strong genetic component, but more research is needed to fully understand the specific genes involved.

Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.

Many potential alopecia treatments need more testing to confirm they promote acceptable hair growth with minimal side effects.

HSD3B1 gene variant and being overweight linked to hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

CB-03-01 is a promising skin cream for treating hormone-related skin problems without causing harmful body-wide effects.

Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.

Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.

Melatonin may help manage PCOS by improving insulin sensitivity, hormone balance, and mood.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

The document concludes that alopecia has significant social and psychological effects, leading to a market for hair loss treatments.

The document concludes that treatments for female hair loss and excess body hair are available, but managing expectations is important.

Flutamide is more effective and has fewer side effects than spironolactone for treating hirsutism.

Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.

AKR1D1 controls glucocorticoid levels and receptor activity in liver cells.

Finasteride affects brain processes related to neurotransmission and metabolism, potentially helping with neuropsychiatric conditions.