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June 2008 in “Human mutation” A genetic change in the EDAR gene causes the unique hair traits found in East Asians.
98 citations,
December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal” Thymosin β4 promotes hair growth by activating stem cells in hair follicles.
98 citations,
April 1997 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Finasteride effectively blocks rat enzymes, but with varying methods and strength.
97 citations,
March 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.
96 citations,
June 2017 in “Nature Communications” A WNT10A gene mutation leads to ectodermal dysplasia by disrupting cell growth and differentiation.
95 citations,
July 2010 in “Genes & development” Notch/CSL signaling controls hair follicle differentiation through Wnt5a and FoxN1.
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April 2003 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Fatty acid transport protein 4 is essential for skin and hair development.
92 citations,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.
91 citations,
May 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A new mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor reduces its function and causes resistance to glucocorticoids.
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January 2009 in “Advances in Clinical Chemistry” Fetal skin heals without scarring due to unique cells and processes not present in adult skin healing.
88 citations,
August 2008 in “Development” BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.
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May 2005 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Versican, a protein, is less present in thinning hair follicles and this decrease might contribute to common hair loss in men.
87 citations,
April 2018 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Exosomes from dermal papilla cells can help grow hair and might treat hair loss.
85 citations,
March 2012 in “Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia” The genus Sophora has compounds with potential health benefits and could lead to new drugs, but more research is needed to understand their effects and safety.
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July 2003 in “European journal of biochemistry” Mouse skin can produce and process serotonin, with variations depending on hair cycle, body location, and mouse strain.
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December 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil boosts hair growth by targeting adenosine and possibly sulfonylurea receptor 2B.
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March 2012 in “Development” Drosha and Dicer are essential for hair follicle health and preventing DNA damage in skin cells.
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May 2009 in “Development” EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.
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October 2014 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Certain genes control the color of human hair by affecting pigment production.
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July 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.
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January 2003 in “The FASEB Journal” Follistatin helps hair growth and cycling, while activin prevents it.
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April 2011 in “Plant physiology” White lupin uses specific genes to grow root hairs and access phosphorus when it's scarce.
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October 2012 in “Biomaterials” Larger spheroids improve hair growth, but size doesn't guarantee thicker hair.
78 citations,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” TGF-β1 from dermal papilla cells suppresses hair growth, and targeting it may help treat androgenetic alopecia.
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July 2020 in “Cell” Muscles and nerves that cause goosebumps also help control hair growth.
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December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Human skin cells produce proenkephalin, which changes with environmental factors and skin diseases.
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May 2011 in “Cell death and differentiation” A20 protein is crucial for normal skin and hair development.
75 citations,
October 2016 in “Genes & Development” Cells in hair follicles help create fat cells in the skin by releasing a protein called Sonic Hedgehog.
75 citations,
March 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Aging mice have slower hair regeneration due to changes in signal balance, but the environment, not stem cell loss, controls this, suggesting treatments could focus on environmental factors.
75 citations,
October 2010 in “Mammalian genome” Sphynx cats are hairless and Devon Rex cats have curly hair due to specific genetic mutations.