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Testosterone Replacement Therapy can improve sexual health in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on its long-term effects.

Menopause can cause hair thinning and texture changes due to hormonal and metabolic shifts.

PCOS involves immune system issues and inflammation, possibly leading to autoimmune diseases.

Proper nutrition can help manage PCOS symptoms and improve overall health.

Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

Nearly half of the studied men with long COVID had low testosterone, including younger men.

Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.

Melatonin improves cashmere goat hair quality by increasing follicles and reducing skin aging.

Drinking a lot of alcohol increases the risk of prostate cancer and can worsen the condition.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was first described in 1721, officially diagnosed in the 1990s, and is now known to be partly genetic and linked to insulin resistance, with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism issues.

Skin problems like acne and excess hair in PCOS are common and linked to being overweight.

Women with PCOS have higher xanthine oxidase activity linked to inflammation and heart disease risks.

Measuring the distance from the anus to the clitoris may moderately help diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in certain cases.

Women with PCOS have a higher risk of diabetes, heart problems, certain cancers, and mental health issues, but early treatment can help manage these risks.

Acne is an important sign of androgen excess disorders in women.

Finasteride for hair loss may cause persistent sexual symptoms, depression, anxiety, and lower quality of life.

Young girls whose mothers have PCOS may have higher activity of a specific enzyme that could lead to developing PCOS later.

Finasteride reduces hair growth and is safe for women with excessive hair.

The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.

Spironolactone plus finasteride works better for treating hirsutism.

Flutamide may slightly improve hair loss in women, but finasteride does not work.

Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.

Flutamide reduces hair growth better but has more side effects.

Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.

Finasteride and flutamide both reduce hair growth, but finasteride has fewer side effects.

COVID-19 may affect male fertility and women might have better outcomes due to hormonal and immune differences.

The conclusion is that PCOS is a common cause of hirsutism in young obese women, and early treatment is important to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.

PCOS often causes skin issues like excess hair, acne, and hair loss, needing early treatment.

Certain changes in the SHBG gene may increase the risk of PCOS in Iraqi women.