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Smoking harms the skin, causing early aging and increasing cancer risk, but stopping smoking can improve skin health.

The document concludes that specific itchy skin diseases during pregnancy have varying fetal risks and treatments, including corticosteroids and other medications.

Vitiligo is linked to autoimmune diseases and hearing issues, so hearing tests are recommended for patients.

The genus Sophora has compounds with potential health benefits and could lead to new drugs, but more research is needed to understand their effects and safety.

Drosha and Dicer are essential for hair follicle health and preventing DNA damage in skin cells.

Both vitiligo and alopecia areata involve an immune response triggered by stress and specific genes, with treatments targeting this pathway showing potential.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe skin condition often caused by drugs, with complex treatment and a high risk of death, but survivors usually heal without scars.

Nuclear hormone receptors play a significant role in skin wound healing and could lead to better treatment methods.

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

Injected human hair follicle cells can create new, small hair follicles in skin cultures.

Research on epidermal stem cells has advanced significantly, showing promise for improved clinical therapies.

Accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing superficial fungal infections, with terbinafine being the best oral treatment for nail infections.

Alopecia areata shows a unique type 1 interferon signature, suggesting potential treatment by targeting this pathway.

Maintaining the right amount of retinoic acid is crucial for healthy hair and skin.

Hidradenitis suppurativa may be related to hormones and patients often have metabolic disorders; more research is needed to understand this connection.

MicroRNAs play a crucial role in skin and hair health, affecting everything from growth to aging, and could potentially be used in treating skin diseases.

Taking L-cystine and vitamin B6 can prevent hair loss caused by smoke in mice.

Claudin-1 is important for the barrier function and growth of hair.

ALA-photodynamic therapy helps reduce acne by causing acne cell death and lowering certain skin protein levels.

Oestrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone affect prolactin and its receptor in human skin and hair, suggesting new treatment options for related conditions.

Most pregnant women experience skin changes like darkening and stretch marks, and some may have skin conditions that usually get better after giving birth.

Thyroid hormones are important for skin health and changes in them can affect conditions like hair loss and eczema.

Skin organoids are a promising new model for studying human skin development and testing treatments.

Apremilast improved symptoms in patients with severe skin conditions.

Stress in mice delays hair growth and treatments blocking substance P can partly reverse this effect.

15-lipoxygenase helps keep skin healthy by reducing inflammation.

Somatostatin may help protect hair follicles from immune attacks.

Hepatitis C virus can cause skin diseases and dermatologists play a crucial role in identifying these conditions.

Nurses should know about different moisturizers to help patients with dry, itchy skin choose the best one.

Antidepressants might help with skin inflammation and improve conditions like psoriasis and eczema.