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In this study, varying pH levels from 3 to 12 were found to impact hair structure and proteins, with optimal hair health observed between pH 5 and pH 7, while extreme acidic or alkaline conditions notably affected hair morphology and proteome.

Specific cross-linkages help make hair proteins stable and strong.

In this study, researchers identified two novel peptidylarginine deiminases from treated rat keratinocytes, both showing enzyme activity with PAD‐R11 reflecting a characteristic of epidermal enzymes.

This paper reviews existing studies on the role of environmental humidity in skin health, highlighting that low humidity can impair the skin's barrier function and trigger inflammatory responses, though the precise mechanisms remain to be fully explored.

This study used proteomics to identify various proteins in human hair, which may help develop novel biomarkers for hair health, disease, and aging.

This study suggests that analyzing the composition and modifications of hair proteins may provide new biomarkers for assessing hair health, diseases, and aging.

This review discusses the complexity of identifying hair follicle antigens involved in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research on autoantigen identity.

This article reports that mutations in the PADI3 gene, affecting its activity or localization, cause uncombable hair syndrome and are linked to central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, particularly among women of African ancestry.

This study found that the proteins Par3, mInsc, and Gαi3 cooperate to regulate LGN polarization and promote perpendicular cell divisions during murine epidermal morphogenesis.

This study found that Ca²⁺ signaling and peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes play a crucial role in activating neural stem cells in response to injury in zebrafish, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for CNS injuries and cancer.

This study used proteomic techniques to analyze human hair proteins, revealing keratin heterogeneity and identifying posttranslational modifications, such as cysteine trioxidation and methylation.

This study found that hair proteome profiling and genetically variant peptide identification in hairs remained effective after an explosive blast, indicating potential for forensic human identification despite damage.

This study found that ablating centrosomes in developing epidermis alters keratinocyte division without majorly affecting differentiation, suggesting early epidermal development is driven by high proliferation and cell delamination.

This study found that in Arabidopsis seedlings, tonoplast intrinsic proteins are targeted to the vacuole via at least two pathways, including pathways with differing sensitivity to a chemical inhibitor that affect root hair growth and PIN2 targeting.

This study observed that different alkaline buffers had a significant impact on the volume of liquid consumed by fall armyworm larvae, emphasizing the importance of measuring imbibed volumes to reduce dose errors in bioassays.

This review discusses the role of astrotactins in development and their genetic mutations' links to a variety of human diseases, but reports no new clinical results.

This study reports on the biochemical characteristics of S100A3 protein in human hair cuticle, notably finding its N-terminal methionine is acetylated and has a slightly lower isoelectric point compared to the recombinant version.

This study found that overexpression of PKCα in mouse epidermis increases expression of specific proinflammatory mediators and induces inflammation but does not significantly affect epidermal differentiation, proliferation, or tumor promotion with TPA.

This article reviews the diverse roles of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in cancer biology, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets, but reports no new experimental results.

This study reported that UVR induced PKCε phosphorylation of Stat3 in transgenic mice, suggesting a role in enhancing sensitivity to UVR-related skin cancer development.

This study found that overexpressing PKCδ in transgenic mice did not reduce squamous cell carcinoma development induced by UV radiation, despite its effectiveness against TPA-promoted cancer in these mice.

This study found that Fos protein expression is closely linked to epithelial cell differentiation, particularly during cornification and cell death, with overexpression observed in keratinization-blocked mutant epidermis.

This study found that inhibiting AP-1 activity in mice modified tumor development, leading to transdifferentiation between squamous and sebaceous tumors, with molecular analysis suggesting AP-1's role in maintaining tumor cell identity.

This study found that lower expression of VDR protein in breast cancer patients is associated with increased bone metastasis and poorer prognosis, making it a significant prognostic factor.

In vivo using the C3H mouse model, this study observed that BST2 expression occurs before hair loss in alopecia areata and is followed by an increase in epidermal γδ T cell numbers.

This study found that the extraction-resistant structures in hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth are due to ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine cross-linked proteins, emphasizing their role in maintaining the integrity of these materials.

This study found that inhibiting C/EBP transcription factors in mouse skin reduced papilloma formation and caused systemic hair loss, suggesting C/EBP may be a potential therapeutic target.

This study mapped 65 intermediate filament genes in the human genome, highlighting that the majority of keratin-related sequences are inactive pseudogenes, notably for keratins 8 and 18.

In this study, transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of latent transforming growth factor-β-binding protein exhibited altered hair cycles due to increased active transforming growth factor-β, impacting keratinocyte proliferation and hair cycle phases.

The authors concluded that antibodies against tyrosinase and gp100 may be effective in diagnosing melanoma, including challenging variants like amelanotic and desmoplastic types, when appropriate antigen retrieval techniques are used.