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In this review of permanent hairstyles like perms, the authors discuss the chemical processes involved and highlight potential risks such as hair and scalp damage, emphasizing the need for careful client assessment and safe application techniques to mitigate these risks.

This study compared the protective effects of two conditioners, Protective factor C and Keratin, on hair damaged by perm treatment using a model of damaged hair.

This study compared the effects of direct heat perms and softening heat perms on hair, analyzing damage and morphological changes to understand their impact on hair fibers and provide foundational data for future research.

This study found that using a hair-hardener improved hair thickness, amino acid content, surface condition, tensile strength, and wave efficiency without causing any allergic reactions in participants.

This review discusses the chemical processes involved in hair styling and straightening and reports no new results; the authors highlight pregnancy safety with hair treatments during pregnancy.

In this study, a hair tonic formulation with bean leaf juice increased hair growth in male rabbits, with concentration-dependent improvements in hair length and weight compared to a control.

This study found that applying a keratin solution improved tensile strength, reduced absorbance, and increased gloss in damaged hair compared to untreated hair.

This study found that a gel containing apigenin and celery juice improved hair growth in male Spraque-Dawley mice without causing significant skin irritation.

In this study, gel containing apigenin and celery herb extract was observed to effectively stimulate hair growth and did not cause skin irritation in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

This study found that childhood use of hair oils and perms was associated with earlier onset of menarche among women of various racial and ethnic backgrounds.

This article reviews the current practices and interpretations of research data on permanent waving and hair straightening, but does not present any new research findings.

This study found that keratin film from human hair samples responded to damage from UV, bleaching, perming, and thermal treatments, making it a useful model for evaluating hair damage in product development.

This review examines mechanical and chemical causes of hair fiber adhesion failure and fracture patterns in the cell membrane complex, but presents no new experimental results.

This study found that the "Hair Medulla Care" treatment allows various substances to penetrate hair more effectively, suggesting potential applications for enhancing hair coloring, care, and perming processes.

This review explores how hair dyes and perms can damage hair structure and notes that while some adverse outcomes like skin irritation and allergic reactions have been reported, evidence from human studies remains inconsistent regarding potential risks, including cancer.

This review discusses the history and composition of permanent hair waving products for different hair types and reports no new research findings.

Chemical treatments damage hair more than UV exposure, making it thinner and less flexible.

In this study, bleaching and perming were found to significantly reduce opiate concentrations in both spiked and naturally opiate-positive human hair samples.

This study found that shampoo and conditioner do not alter hair's molecular structure, while perming treatments significantly affect keratin and intermediate filament structures due to bond alterations.

This study found that the reproductive function of female hairdressers may be negatively affected by long-term exposure to permanent-waving solutions containing thioglycolic acid, raising concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects.

This study found that both everyday physical and environmental stresses, as well as chemical treatments, contributed to hair damage, with cuticle layers being more noticeably affected.

This study observed that combining hair dyeing with sodium hydroxide relaxers drastically increased protein loss in Caucasian virgin dark brown hair, while ammonium thioglycolate or guanidine hydroxide relaxers caused less damage.

This study examined skin biopsies from a woman with Addison disease and found melanocytic hyperpigmentation in the epidermis, with a notable melanocyte/keratinocyte ratio indicating increased melanocyte presence in the arm compared to the thigh.

Cold waving solutions quickly reduce cystine to cysteine in hair.

This article discusses central trichoptilosis with onycholysis but provides no new clinical results.

This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.

This study found that digital perm treatments using sodium thioglycolate lotion led to the most significant reduction in protein content and greater hair damage compared to other methods and lotions.

Hair care products clean, protect, style, color, and change hair structure.

This study found that an enzymatic method effectively identified chemical treatments like perming and dyeing by detecting higher degradation in treated hair compared to untreated hair.

This study found that keratin fibers like human hair undergo thermal and mechanical transitions that can help assess changes from cosmetic processes such as bleaching and perm-waving.