November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” This study analyzed the swelling behavior of human hair during permanent waving treatment, finding that both the microstructure and macrostructure of intermediate filaments swell simultaneously at the initial stage, and while partially destructed by reduction, they are considerably restored through oxidation.
May 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This review highlights that hair's chemical bonds, particularly disulfide bonds, are not homogeneous, as previously thought, but instead vary in response to different cosmetic treatments, suggesting a need for further exploration of ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
This study identified a genetic locus associated with rhabdomyosarcoma susceptibility in mice and found that specific differentiation markers are linked to the regression of basal cell carcinoma.
January 2020 in “한국미용학회지” This study found that incorporating Musa extracts in pretreatment products effectively mitigated hair damage during permanent wave application, closely maintaining hair thickness and tensile strength compared to untreated hair.
October 2012 in “한국미용학회지” This study suggests that after perm treatments, sufficient application of keratin and ceramide after middle rinsing enhances curl formation while considering hair health.
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, permanent waving treatments, especially those using lotion B and repeated procedures, were found to significantly damage hair protein content and physical properties.
This study found that, compared to oxidative treatments, reductive perm-waving more severely impacts the intermediate filaments in European human hair, while both treatments alter denaturation kinetics in a first-order manner.
Lightly perming scalp hair can lead to new hair growth, potentially treating baldness.
43 citations
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January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This article reviews innovations in hair cosmetics, focusing on esthetic procedures and products in the Indian market, and reports no new experimental findings.
10 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that thioglycolic acid molecules in hair treatments are primarily located in intrafibrillar unordered areas, where they redistribute disulfide bonds.
This review highlights that hair care products can cause adverse effects like irritation dermatitis and allergic contact eczema but does not report new clinical findings.
3 citations
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October 2006 in “Journal of dermatology” This study reported that X-ray microscopy provides more intact images of hair's internal structure compared to transmission electron microscopy, particularly for observing fine details like cuticle coarsening and cortex cracks.
1 citations
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April 2013 in “Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences” This study found that hair coloring, waving, and ironing were associated with increased hair abnormalities compared to untreated hair in Iranian women.
1 citations
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February 1989 in “PubMed” In this study, human hair-carboxymethylated protein analysis showed that weathering for over 2.5 years can obscure electrophoretic patterns, while cosmetic treatments did not cause significant changes.
1 citations
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January 1988 This study found that hair treatments applied after chlorination, especially bleaching and dyeing, more significantly altered surface properties and weight loss, while perming most strongly affected tensile properties.
September 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” This study developed a biobased copolymer called SELP::KP, showing improved hair strength, elasticity, and conditioning properties while being a safer alternative to conventional chemical treatments, based on application to human hair in a laboratory setting.
This study found that a fermented mixture containing Sasa Borealis leaf improved tensile strength and glossiness in hair damaged by heat perm and dyeing, suggesting potential as a cosmetic ingredient.
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” In this study, liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improved hair perming by enhancing the penetration of perm solutions, resulting in a stronger S-shaped wave and higher cysteine content compared to the control.
January 2002 in “China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics” This study compared shampoos and found that shampoo D, containing polyquaternium-10, guar gum, and dimethicone, was most effective in restoring chemically permed hair.
18 citations
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January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.
January 2012 in “Jounal of The Korean Society of cosmetology” Applying conditioner mid-treatment reduces hair damage during perms.
January 2017 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” This study found that hair damage from sunlight and chemical processes like perms and bleaching varies in internal microstructure changes, suggesting that protective techniques should be tailored to the type of chemical treatment used.
December 2021 in “2021 International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Smart Agriculture (ICEITSA)” This study found that chemical hair dyes caused more significant microstructural damage to hair than high-temperature perms, as observed using a single-detector OCT system.
August 2021 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” This study found that using natural polyphenol cross-linkers like tannic acid and green tea extract during perm treatments improved perming efficiency, wave maintenance, and hair protection compared to a control group.
3 citations
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July 2023 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study demonstrates that a bioinspired peptide, PepACS, can efficiently and safely perm hair by interacting with keratin's sulfhydryl group without compromising tensile strength, and it shows potential for hair repair and dyeing applications in the hair care industry.
7 citations
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January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” Taking 5 mg/day finasteride can cause side effects in women with hair loss, but these are usually mild and fade over time, making the treatment beneficial in the long run.
4 citations
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July 2022 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study identified a novel homozygous mutation in the 5'-UTR of the POMC gene, suggesting a new molecular mechanism for the syndrome of adrenal insufficiency, obesity, and red hair.
2 citations
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July 1999 in “International Journal of Clinical Practice” This article discusses the various cosmetic, medical, and surgical treatment options for androgenetic alopecia but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis in treatment planning.
23 citations
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January 1985 in “Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology” This study found that cupric chloride treatment may partially correct delayed maturation and abnormal arborization of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of hemizygous brindled mice, a model for Kinky hair disease.
4 citations
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August 2017 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This study observed two cases of pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma suggesting potential differing origins: one from a hair follicle's outer root sheath and another from an intradermal nevus.