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This study found that keratin expression patterns vary within nail unit structures, with the nail matrix uniquely expressing the acidic hair-type keratin Ha1.

This study found that the mouse nail unit structurally resembles the human nail unit, indicating it could be useful for researching nail diseases and biology.

This study revealed that BMP5 in onychofibroblasts may play a key role in the differentiation of nail matrix keratinocytes, highlighting transcriptional similarities between nail and hair structures.

This study reported that immunotherapy in cancer patients can lead to skin-related immune adverse events, such as rashes, pruritus, and vitiligo, affecting a substantial proportion of patients.

This report describes a unique benign neoplasm on the nail unit called onychoblastoma, which histologically resembles a trichoblastoma, marking the first documented case of this tumor type.

In this study, researchers identified the ventral matrix as the primary source of nail plate formation, while the dorsal portion is generated by the apical matrix.

This study shows for the first time that onychomatricoma can recapitulate the entire nail unit with differentiation toward the nail bed and isthmus, identifying new histopathological and immunohistochemical features.

This study found that MAP-2 is intensely expressed in the companion layer of the hair follicle, suggesting its potential importance to follicle integrity and possible involvement in some types of alopecia.

The document concludes that understanding nail anatomy is key for diagnosing nail diseases, early signs of nail melanoma may allow for less aggressive treatment, and specific genetic mutations are important in thyroid cancer prognosis and treatment.

This article reviews the use of high-frequency ultrasonography to visualize nail units and scalps in dermatology, highlighting its potential benefits for disease assessment and treatment monitoring, but reports no new clinical results.

This study analyzed nail excision practices in the United States from 2012 to 2017, revealing that podiatrists performed 99% of these procedures, vastly outnumbering dermatologists, and showed a broad geographic distribution across the country.

Women with androgenetic alopecia have fewer terminal hairs, phenol in nail surgery is safe, and a new hair transplant method is faster and less damaging.

Non-scarring hair loss can be diagnosed with two 4mm punch biopsies, one cut vertically and the other transversely.

RET mutation is important in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma is linked to more aggressive cancer and higher death rates.

Diabetic patients often have ingrown nails due to obesity, high blood pressure, past injuries, bad nail trimming, nail fungus, weak foot pulse, and weak knee reflex.

This study found that onychomatricoma can fully mimic the nail unit and differentiate toward the nail bed and isthmus, distinguishing it from other pilar tumors.

This review discusses recent advancements in hair loss treatments, focusing on androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and hair transplant technologies, without presenting new research findings.

Doctors should recognize various nail disorders, new allergens, and metabolic syndrome in patients, and use botulinum toxin carefully in aesthetic procedures.

Early subungual melanoma might be treated with less aggressive surgery because it invades the skin under the nail more slowly.

Lower adrenal hormone levels may cause hair loss in postmenopausal women, certain patterns help diagnose nail cancer, and a gene variant linked to higher skin cancer risk in kidney transplant patients suggests monitoring folate levels.

This article discusses the importance of understanding the skin's structure and function for comprehending both healthy skin biology and skin disease pathophysiology, but reports no new findings.

This chapter reviews skin manifestations in common rheumatic diseases, particularly those with polyarthritis, and offers a differential diagnosis of erythema nodosum without presenting new research findings.

This article discusses various affiliations of the authors with no reference to new research findings.

Most people with alopecia areata have nail changes, which are common but don't greatly affect their quality of life.

This article reviews the structural similarities and common disorders of hair and nails, highlighting their joint involvement in congenital and acquired conditions, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study observed that nail abnormalities often indicate underlying dermatological or systemic conditions, with psoriasis and infections being the most common causes among patients.

This review describes nail changes linked to various non-infectious skin diseases, highlighting how these alterations can help diagnose and manage conditions like psoriasis and lupus by noting specific and overlapping nail characteristics.

This study found that histomorphological evaluation of nail punch biopsies is useful for diagnosing various nail-related dermatoses, with psoriasis being the most common condition observed.

This case report reviews a 67-year-old man with both alopecia totalis and lichen planus of the nails, suggesting a possible autoimmune link between these rare concurrent conditions, but presents no new clinical data.