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The document reviews key historical figures and discoveries in dermatology.

Different hair and nail conditions can indicate health issues and have specific treatments; accurate diagnosis is crucial before treatment.

RAPK is a rare skin disorder with pigmented spots, mainly on hands and feet, starting in youth.

Cyclosporin doesn't stop hair loss.

Low testosterone levels may contribute to female pattern hair loss in men.

PAON shows skin patterns due to genetic mosaicism.

Intense Pulse Light effectively reduces hair growth in faun tail nevus.

A rare skin condition with dark, thick, warty patches and some hair loss was found in a newborn boy.

PEODDN is a rare skin disorder with limited treatment options, best treated with laser therapy.

Acitretin is effective for severe skin conditions but has significant side effects and requires careful monitoring.

Inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase may help prevent certain skin cancers.

Targeting ornithine decarboxylase can help prevent skin cancer.

Increased FGFR2b signaling, influenced by androgens, plays a role in causing acne.

Melanoma's complexity requires personalized treatments due to key genetic mutations and tumor-initiating cells.

Alopecia Areata causes significant structural and compositional changes in hair.

Retinoids are effective for various skin conditions and hair loss but have serious side effects, so low doses are recommended.

Tissue engineering could be a future solution for hair loss, but it's currently expensive, complex, and hard to apply in real-world treatments.

Proteomics combined with other technologies can lead to a better understanding of skin diseases.

A patient with a scalp condition and benign skin tumor experienced hair loss and did not improve with treatment, choosing not to have surgery despite a small cancer risk.

Understanding how acne develops in different diseases could lead to new treatments.

The chapter explains common scalp conditions, including infections, infestations, and tumors.

Acne is not a key diagnostic feature for PCOS, postadolescent men with acne may have insulin resistance, melanoma patients often have few moles, tumor size in CSCC indicates higher risk of serious outcomes, and hidradenitis suppurativa is linked to higher risk of heart problems and death.

Using 5% topical minoxidil improved and normalized the hair growth in a girl with short anagen hair naevus.

Some moles can disappear naturally, maintenance therapy for Stage 1 mycosis fungoides may not be necessary, allergic skin reactions in children are rising, weekly methotrexate for psoriasis is more effective than daily, long-term finasteride use improves hair growth with few side effects, and petrolatum improves UV therapy for psoriasis.

Older adults have a high rate of skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, mainly due to UV exposure and age.

The study concluded that scalp tumors show different patterns based on age, gender, and tumor thickness, and emphasized the importance of early detection and scalp examinations.

Where melanoma is on the body affects survival chances; melanomas on the back of the head are worse, while those on thighs and arms are less severe, and more sun exposure might improve survival.

Genetic variants linked to ten skin diseases were found, showing both immune and non-immune factors play a role.

Dermoscopy is useful for many health professionals, not just dermatologists, in improving skin condition diagnoses and reducing unnecessary biopsies.

Skin aging reflects overall body aging and can indicate internal health conditions.