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Nitrendipine and nifedipine effectively block muscle contractions, while papaverine relaxes them and minoxidil needs high amounts to work.

In this retrospective study at Toyama University Hospital, amoxapine was reported to significantly improve semen volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count in 17 men with ejaculatory disorders, with no observed side effects over an average of 13 months of therapy.

This study found that microwave-assisted extraction significantly increased the yield of secondary metabolites, including phenolic and flavonoid content, from Nardostachys jatamansi, enhancing its anti-Alzheimer's potential compared to conventional extraction methods.

This study reviewed 16 notable drug repurposing patent applications from 2025, highlighting potential new uses such as guanfacine for autonomic dysfunction and disulfiram for subarachnoid hemorrhage survival, though many disclosures lack peer-reviewed studies and no patents are granted.

This study found that copper injections increased dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in the brains of mottled mice, an animal model for Menkes' syndrome.

This study found that combining ASA with conditioned medium from adipose tissue-derived MSCs may offer a promising approach for protecting against hippocampal injuries, suggesting potential synergistic therapeutic benefits that merit further investigation.

This study found that both topiramate and divalproex sodium were similarly effective in reducing headache frequency by over 50% among episodic migraine patients after three months of treatment.

This review discusses the complex relationship between migraine and psychiatric disorders, highlighting the need for individualized treatment plans but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that fremanezumab was effective in reducing migraine headache days by at least 50% for the majority of patients with high-frequency episodic or chronic migraine who had failed previous treatments.

In this case report, a 54-year-old male experienced hair loss and discoloration after starting mirtazapine, with full hair regrowth and color restoration occurring within 10 weeks of stopping the medication.

This article reviews historical and traditional uses of the herb Bacopa monnieri, or Brahmi, for enhancing memory and other medicinal benefits, but presents no new research findings.

Carbamazepine may cause reversible nail detachment.

This study found that the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride affected phasic and tonic GABA A receptor-mediated currents differently in the thalamic reticular and ventrobasal nuclei of mice, suggesting endogenous neurosteroid modulation of these receptors.

This study reported that novel kainate derivatives, especially ZCZ90, maintained potency in affecting proprioceptive sensory organ firing, aiding future receptor studies for potential treatment innovations.

In this experimental study on rats, the researchers reported that administering minoxidil did not have significant electrophysiological or histopathological effects on penicillin-induced epilepsy, although future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended for more definitive conclusions.

This study observed that topiramate treatment in female zebrafish may impair genetic transmission to offspring, reducing expression of certain skeletal development-related genes in embryos.

This study found that D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm fruit, has a moderate antidepressant effect in mice, which may help treat depressive symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study identified melatonin as a potential treatment for rosacea and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting it may help by modulating inflammatory and vascular signaling pathways.

This study found that neurosteroids might play a role in the neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning by reducing brain infarct size and improving motor performance and memory in mice.

This study found that two-thirds of patients with persistent chronic daily headache showed significant improvement with divalproex sodium treatment, although common side effects included weight gain, tremor, hair loss, and nausea.

This study developed a new clustering model to improve detection of drug-induced cognitive disorder risk signals, finding that it identified drugs with moderate risk signals, like Carbidopa/Levodopa, missed by traditional methods, enhancing clinical assessment comprehensiveness.

This study found that probiotics, specifically the L. plantarum MTCC 1325 strain, may have protective effects against Alzheimer's-like symptoms induced by D-Galactose in animal models, suggesting potential therapeutic use for neurodegenerative disorders.

This review compiles current experimental research on Alzheimer's and cognitive impairment models, highlighting the potential of *Polygonum multiflorum* for treating neurological disorders and suggesting a foundation for future clinical trials.

This content contains no study findings or new results, instead referring only to statistical methods and figure captions.

This case study indicates that older patients with NMOSD may show favorable clinical improvements with aggressive treatment, even when the intervention is initiated later in the disease course.

This review suggests that blocking the ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP) channel, particularly the Kir6.1/SUR2B subtype, may prove effective in treating migraines, with preclinical data supporting this approach; however, human studies are absent, and potential side effects could complicate clinical use.

This study found that diazepam had an exaggerated effect on GABA-related inhibitory tone in diabetic neuropathic mice compared to normal mice, potentially due to mitochondrial dysfunction affecting neurosteroid synthesis.

This study found that GABA can depolarize murine sensory nerve axons via GABAA receptor activation, with the ß3 subunit being crucial to excitability, and that NKCC1 plays a vital role in mediating this effect.