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The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.

Transgender patients on hormone therapy experience more acne and hair loss, but less skin inflammation.

No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.

Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.

Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed no prostatic growth.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.

Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.

Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.

The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.

Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.

Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.

Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.

Nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a common, treatable genetic disorder causing reversible symptoms like acne and hair loss.

5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

Healthcare providers need better education and policies to serve transgender individuals effectively.

A woman with a rare adrenal tumor and hormonal disorder had improved testosterone levels after surgery, but her menstrual irregularities continued.

Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for acne but less so for hirsutism and alopecia, with some side effects and quick menstrual cycle recovery after treatment.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.

Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.