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Innovative methods are reducing animal testing and improving biomedical research.

The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

The document concludes that developing generic topical drugs requires ensuring they match the original in quality, composition, and structure, and often involves complex testing and regulatory steps.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.

Macrophages help heal nerves by aiding the maturation of Schwann cells and are important for nerve repair.

Substances from Chinese medicines show promise for immune support and disease prevention, but the way they are processed affects their effectiveness.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Understanding how cells die in the skin is important for treating skin diseases and preventing hair loss.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.

Nerves and chemicals in the body can affect hair growth and loss.

No treatment fully prevents hair loss from chemotherapy yet.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

Skin problems in COVID-19 patients are rare and may be due to the body's complex immune response or blood clotting issues.

Electrospun nanofibers show promise for enhancing blood vessel growth in tissue engineering but need further research to improve their effectiveness.

Blue light promotes hair growth by interacting with specific receptors in hair follicles.

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

Women with PCOS have fewer activated T cells in their ovarian follicles, which might affect fertility.

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

Hair greying is caused by oxidative stress damaging hair follicles and melanocytes.

Dermal exosomes with miR-218-5p boost hair growth by controlling β-catenin signaling.

Lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, play a key role in causing alopecia areata, and targeting them may lead to new treatments.

AGD1 is important for root hair development in Arabidopsis, working with phosphoinositide signaling and the actin cytoskeleton.

Wound dressing absorbs fluid, regenerates hair follicles, and heals skin burns.

Human amniotic membrane helps heal skin wounds faster and with less scarring.

Some natural compounds may help overcome drug resistance in certain cancers, but more research is needed.