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This review discusses the history, structure, and biological significance of keratins, including the crystal structure of a keratin helical segment, without reporting new experimental results.

In this animal study, the ketogenic diet was associated with more severe biotin deficiency in biotin-deficient mice, suggesting that biotin supplementation is important when following this diet.

This study found that TRH modulates specific keratins in human scalp tissue, suggesting its potential influence on hair growth and the need for further exploration of neuroendocrine controls in keratin expression.

This study found that thioglycolic acid molecules in hair treatments are primarily located in intrafibrillar unordered areas, where they redistribute disulfide bonds.

This study found that keratin film from human hair samples responded to damage from UV, bleaching, perming, and thermal treatments, making it a useful model for evaluating hair damage in product development.

In this reported case of SAPHO syndrome, methotrexate treatment led to significant clinical improvement after other treatments for skin lesions and arthritis proved less effective.

This study found that keratin-associated proteins form part of the developing exocuticle and a-layer in hair fiber cuticle cells, while cornified envelope proteins were absent.

This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.

This review summarizes research on the synthesis and gene regulation of keratin in hair follicles, noting that coordinated gene activity is essential for hair follicle differentiation and normal hair growth, with gene clusters suggesting possible global regulatory domains.

This study found that partial protein extraction from keratinized tissues, such as hair and nails, reveals protein patterns distinct from whole protein extracts, including the presence of ubiquitin.

This study demonstrated that keratin K124 is specific to equine hoof lamellar tissue and established monoclonal antibodies that can specifically recognize K124 without cross-reacting with other tissues.

This paper critically reviews recent advances in the use of keratin-based biomaterials, highlighting their potential applications in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to support cell growth.

This study reviewed existing knowledge and research, observing that ketoconazole shampoo is a safe and effective treatment for scalp seborrheic dermatitis, significantly improving irritation and scaling while maintaining low relapse rates and minimal side effects.

This study reports that keratinocytes grown under low oxygen conditions (physioxia) demonstrated reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased antioxidant enzyme activity compared to those in higher oxygen conditions, highlighting the role of oxygen in regulating skin antioxidant defenses.

Among patients treated at Thomas Jefferson University, this study found that adding cryotherapy to intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (IL TAC) was more effective at reducing keloid size compared to IL TAC alone, although both treatments similarly eased pruritus and pain.

In this study, long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser treatment for keratosis pilaris significantly improved skin roughness and redness, as well as follicular plug reduction, with good safety and patient satisfaction compared to a moisturizing lotion alone.

This study found that loss of epidermal PPARγ in mice altered the expression of many genes related to skin inflammation, keratinization, and sebaceous gland function, indicating its key role in maintaining skin homeostasis.

In this study, fisetin applied to the dorsal skin of mice activated hair follicle stem cells through exosome secretion from keratinocytes, promoting hair growth.

This study describes a method to extract and characterize keratin particles from human hair, finding they can encapsulate the anticancer drug Paclitaxel with significant efficiency, releasing it in a pH-dependent manner potentially beneficial for targeted cancer treatment.

This study reports that a robotic and AI-based system successfully analyzes FUE hair transplant procedures, aiding surgeons in planning and assessing operation success through detailed pre-op and post-op evaluations.

Keratin fibers in hair twist left-handed.

This study found that K33A was significantly upregulated in lustrous Magra wool follicles, while other keratin and KAP genes showed downregulation, impacting wool's physical properties like luster.

This study found that carbonic anhydrase II was significantly upregulated in human keratinocytes when treated with toll-like receptor 3 agonist and Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential role in inflammatory skin conditions.

In this study, PGD2 was shown to increase testosterone production in human keratinocytes through reactive oxygen species, suggesting potential benefits of antioxidants like N-acetyl-cysteine for AGA patients.

This study found that isolated red light may serve as an alternative for photo-immunotherapy without additional photosensitizers, as it did not reduce keratinocyte differentiation markers or increase photo-oxidative damage, unlike treatment with IL-4 or UVA1/blue light.

This study found that transgenic mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of CtBP1 exhibited abnormal hair follicle development, suggesting CtBP1 may play a pathogenic role in hair morphogenesis.

In this study, TC-1 cells, resembling stromal cells formed by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, significantly affected the behavior of normal human keratinocytes, supporting the role of stromal cells in tumor progression.

This study found that L-cystine, D-pantothenat, and miliacin can enhance the metabolic capacity and proliferation of human keratinocytes, with a combination of these additives potentially providing synergistic benefits in growth media.

This review discusses the complexity and genetic organization of human keratin gene clusters and addresses the ongoing need for an updated unified naming system; it reports no new clinical results.