Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.
The oral testosterone effectively increased testosterone levels and reduced SHBG, showing promise for treating testosterone deficiency.
35 citations,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” The exact cause of increased 5α-reductase activity leading to hirsutism in women is still unknown.
1 citations,
January 2018 in “Journal of Gynecologic Surgery” Removing both ovaries can treat increased testosterone and related symptoms in postmenopausal women with ovarian hyperthecosis.
November 2022 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.
January 2020 in “International Journal of Research” High testosterone increases heart disease risk in women with PCOS.
November 2024 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Testosterone increases hair testosterone levels, stress raises hair cortisol, and relationship status affects hormone levels.
2 citations,
October 2021 in “Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health” High uric acid levels are more common in PCOS patients, especially those with androgenic PCOS, and are linked with increased cardiovascular risk and other metabolic issues.
29 citations,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
5 citations,
February 2011 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
66 citations,
March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
2 citations,
September 2020 Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.
28 citations,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.
6 citations,
December 2010 in “Case Reports” A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.
Toxoplasma gondii infection may increase testosterone levels in males.
12 citations,
March 2018 in “Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's hirsutism and high testosterone levels improved after surgery for an ovarian tumor not seen on ultrasound.
37 citations,
April 2013 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Genetic and environmental factors, like smoking and exercise, affect male hair loss.
50 citations,
May 2018 in “International journal of cardiology” Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.
26 citations,
January 2000 in “Hormone research in paediatrics” Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Blocking CRF1 receptors improved male hormone levels and reduced testicular tumor size in men with a specific adrenal condition.
21 citations,
April 1995 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
37 citations,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
9 citations,
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.
47 citations,
June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
2 citations,
March 2017 in “Canadian Urological Association journal” Clomiphene citrate improves fertility in men taking finasteride for hair loss.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
October 2023 in “FASEB bioAdvances” Akkermansia muciniphila may help prevent testosterone-related hair loss.
8 citations,
December 2015 in “PubMed” Phyllanthus niruri extract may help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth and blocking a hair loss-related enzyme.