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Regulatory T cells help prevent autoimmunity and have potential for treating autoimmune diseases.

This study observed that expanding regulatory T cells in the skin of mice with alopecia areata did not reverse the condition, indicating that additional immunotherapy may be necessary.

This review highlights the possible role of T regulatory cells in the immune-related mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical findings.

This review summarizes recent advances in Treg cell biology, focusing on Foxp3's role in immune regulation and therapeutic reprogramming for immune dysregulatory disorders, but reports no new clinical results.

This article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in alopecia areata, where their deficiency in hair follicles may lead to impaired local immunity and suggests potential therapies like CAR-T reg cells and low-dose IL-2 to alleviate autoimmunity and promote hair regeneration in affected individuals.

This study found that mutations in the TULP3 gene are associated with progressive degeneration of the liver, kidney, and heart in adults, highlighting the importance of early detection and management.

This review examines the potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies to transform treatment across various medical specialties by promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the impaired functionality of regulatory T cells in the pancreas during the development of Type 1 diabetes, highlighting their role in disease pathogenesis, potential of Treg-based therapies, and challenges in clinical applications.

This narrative review proposes the concept of "repigmentation competence" for vitiligo lesions, suggesting that therapy responses are influenced by lesion-specific biological factors related to immune, regenerative, regulatory, and microenvironmental processes, and highlights the emerging role of combination therapies targeting these pathways.

This article reviews current and emerging treatments for alopecia areata, emphasizing the need for biomarker-driven patient stratification to optimize therapeutic strategies and reduce potential side effects; it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that IL-7 is crucial for the survival of memory regulatory T cells in the skin of mice, whereas IL-2 is essential for their initial generation but not for their maintenance.

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

This study found that alopecia areata patients had higher baseline interleukin levels, which significantly decreased with tofacitinib treatment, though this change did not correspond to disease severity improvement.

In a murine model of alopecia areata, this study observed that the IL-2 fusion protein HCW9302 helped prevent disease development by expanding regulatory T cells and reducing disease-causing effector T cell infiltrates, suggesting potential for using IL-2 fusion proteins in alopecia areata treatment.

Ritlecitinib may help treat alopecia areata by protecting hair follicles.

In this study, researchers found that ex vivo and in vivo administration of the TYK2 inhibitor BMS-986202 prevented immune privilege collapse and promoted hair regrowth in models of alopecia areata, suggesting this approach may offer a new therapeutic avenue deserving of clinical investigation.

This study found that a TYK2 inhibitor, BMS-986202, may restore immune privilege in hair follicles and promote hair regrowth in a humanized alopecia areata mouse model by inhibiting IL-12-mediated signaling.

This study found that psoriatic skin lesions commonly express the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha along with a moderate presence of the antimicrobial protein defensin.

In a proof-of-concept study at Xiangya Hospital, the researchers observed that combining tofacitinib with low-dose interleukin-2 helped maintain remission in refractory alopecia areata patients, with three out of four maintaining complete remission for 11–20 months post-treatment and no adverse events reported.

This study identifies six novel keratin genes from the chromosome 17q21.2 region, suggesting their association with hair follicles, while all 27 keratin genes in the domain have been characterized transcriptionally.

This review discusses the potential of combining low-dose IL-2 with islet antigens to enhance antigen-specific Treg function in type 1 diabetes, but reports no new clinical results.

This study observed that patients receiving IL-2 immunotherapy developed a skin eruption characterized by burning and pruritus, which resolved shortly after stopping the infusion, suggesting that IL-2 mediated these effects.

This letter to the editor discusses a potential link between new onset alopecia areata and SARS-CoV-2 infection, but reports no new clinical results.

This study describes a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who experienced a recurrence of pemphigus vulgaris after receiving interleukin 2 immunotherapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and autoimmune disease recurrence.

In this experimental study, laser irradiation significantly altered the gene expression of cytokines in cultured human T-cell lymphocytes, suggesting that such laser light may photobiomodulate cytokine production in vitro.

In this mini-review, recent insights suggest a possible role of type-2-related immunity in diseases like alopecia areata, vitiligo, and localized scleroderma, though whether this immune response benefits or worsens these conditions remains unclear.

This background review discusses alopecia areata, highlighting the role of CD8+NKG2D+ T cells in hair follicle pathogenesis, and notes that the exact mechanisms causing hair loss remain unclear.

This study found that control of Demodex mite colonization in mice required skin ILC2s and IL-13, highlighting their role in maintaining HF integrity and limiting mite overgrowth.

This study suggests that keratinocytes derived from hair follicles of patients with atopic dermatitis provide a useful model for investigating AD-related inflammation, as they showed greater expression changes of AD markers when stimulated with type 2 cytokines compared to those from healthy donors.

This study found that the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 may amplify Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation and barrier disruption in atopic dermatitis, potentially worsening skin defense against this bacterium.