October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This research review observed that topical hormone replacement therapy, particularly estradiol and estradiol-testosterone combinations, significantly increased Type I and III collagen synthesis in the skin of postmenopausal women, suggesting benefits against collagen loss-related skin aging effects such as reduced elasticity and increased dryness.
138 citations
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May 2000 in “Maturitas” This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin and reports no new clinical results; it highlights estrogen's potential benefits on skin thickness, collagen quality, and hair follicle life cycle.
27 citations
,
March 2006 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review examines the effects of menopause on skin aging and suggests hormone replacement therapy may improve some symptoms, without providing new clinical findings.
6 citations
,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review discusses the role of androgens in women's sexual health and highlights the need for further research on androgen replacement therapy to optimize quality of life, but reports no new clinical results.
4 citations
,
August 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that while hormone replacement therapy can improve skin aging in menopausal women, inconsistent findings and a lack of robust clinical trials mean it isn't recommended purely for skin benefits.
1 citations
,
February 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study reports an improvement in lymphomatoid papulosis type A in a 52-year-old patient who concurrently used hormone-replacement therapy.
March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This commentary highlights that transgender patients are often dissatisfied with standard hormone replacement therapy for hair-related goals, emphasizing the need for dermatologists to provide informed guidance and tailor treatments.
April 2023 in “American Journal of Transplantation” This study found that hormone replacement therapy was associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality and adverse outcomes in nonimmunosuppressed postmenopausal women and immunocompromised male solid organ transplant recipients.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may experience skin changes such as acne and androgenic hair loss, which can be managed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
16 citations
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October 1996 in “PubMed” This study concluded that hormonal replacement therapy can improve skin ageing symptoms by increasing skin thickness and alleviating dryness and hyposeborrhoea in postmenopausal women.
November 2023 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” In this study, female patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy showed improvements in frontal hairline appearance and increased hair plucking strength, suggesting positive effects of estradiol on hair growth while excluding age-related factors.
May 2026 in “Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council” This review outlines the benefits of menopausal hormone therapy for improving skin properties in peri- and postmenopausal women, emphasizing that interdisciplinary management enhances quality of life but noting the aesthetic improvements are secondary outcomes.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this case report, a transgender woman with refractory epilepsy began estrogen therapy for gender-affirming purposes, experiencing stable epilepsy and reduced gender dysphoria through ongoing multidisciplinary care, highlighting the importance of careful management for similar patients.
403 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This review discusses the role of DHEA in intracrinology, highlighting its impact on breast and prostate cancer treatment and potential as a menopause therapy, but reports no new research findings.
61 citations
,
January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” This review discusses hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency, strongly recommending it for symptom relief and bone protection, but notes a lack of evidence on optimal types and doses.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” This review discusses the controversial cardiovascular safety and efficacy of subcutaneous testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women, noting that its long-term use appears safe, but CV risk assessments remain disputed.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” This review suggests that while estrogen-targeted therapies may improve skin quality in postmenopausal women, systemic risks limit hormone replacement therapies, and more research is needed for localized treatments.
January 2025 in “ARC Journal of Dermatology” This study discusses the importance of careful dermatological care for transgender youth receiving hormonal therapies, cautioning that acne treatments can interfere with hormone replacement therapy and emphasizing the need for a collaborative interdisciplinary approach to support both acne management and overall well-being.
January 2024 in “Cosmetics” In this study, Brazilian postmenopausal women reported that menopause significantly deteriorates the quality of their skin, nails, and hair, negatively affecting self-esteem and quality of life, with a need for better understanding of hormone replacement therapy's dermatological effects.
January 2023 in “Zdravstvena zaštita” This review evaluates current research on how hormonal changes due to aging impact voice quality, concluding the vocal cords are sensitive to hormonal fluctuations throughout life but reports no new clinical results.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” This review discusses the 2011 publications on the side effects of sex hormones and related compounds, without reporting new clinical results.
2 citations
,
March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” This literature review highlights varying recommendations for testosterone use in peri- and postmenopausal women, noting its accepted role in treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder but stressing controversy and lack of FDA-approved options for broader use.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” This article discusses the role of estrogens in skin aging and reports no new findings; it highlights the potential of selective ER modulators to improve skin health without systemic side effects.
180 citations
,
January 2003 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” This article reviews the effects of menopause on skin aging and suggests that hormone replacement therapy may help reverse some of these changes.
137 citations
,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” This review indicates that estrogen loss during menopause significantly impacts skin health, while estrogen treatment may increase skin collagen, thickness, and elasticity, though effects on other skin characteristics are inconsistent.
120 citations
,
October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” This review discusses the effects of estrogens on skin aging and highlights the potential benefits of estrogen replacement therapy and selective estrogen receptor modulators for improving skin health in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical findings.
77 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This review examines the skin exposome, including solar exposure, air pollution, hormones, nutrition, and psychological factors, but reports no new clinical results.
77 citations
,
July 2013 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” This review discusses the impact of menopause-related oestrogen deficiency on skin ageing and suggests that oestrogen use may improve collagen and skin elasticity, but it reports no clinical trial results.
76 citations
,
May 2007 in “Menopause International” This review discusses the relationship between estrogen deficiency and skin aging in postmenopausal women, noting potential benefits of estrogen use on skin collagen and elasticity, but reports no new clinical results.
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” This article discusses the impact of estrogens on skin aging, highlighting the potential benefits and unresolved effectiveness of alternatives like phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators; it reports no new clinical results.