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Hormones like androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormones, and stress hormones can contribute to hair loss, and treatments target these hormonal imbalances.

Prolactin may be important for skin growth and immune function.

Melasma is a skin condition linked to female hormones, genetics, UV exposure, and certain medications, but not to pituitary, adrenal, or thyroid diseases.

The 2023 guideline for PCOS suggests using updated diagnostic criteria, assessing related health risks, and recommends lifestyle changes and specific treatments for symptoms and fertility issues.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

Stress can cause hair loss by negatively affecting hair follicles and this effect might be reversed with specific treatments.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.

Puberty often causes skin issues like acne and excessive sweating, and treatments require patience as results may vary.

Acne is caused by multiple factors including oil production, bacteria, inflammation, and possibly diet and environment.

19.7% of Afro-Caribbean women in Tobago have PCOS.

Testosterone is important for men's sexual function, may help some women's sexual desire, while other hormones and neurotransmitters also play complex roles in sexual behavior.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Minoxidil helps prevent stress-caused hair loss in mice.

5α-Reductase inhibitors can help treat hair loss, acne, and prostate issues by reducing DHT levels.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Flutamide works better than finasteride for hirsutism, and combining both is slightly better but not much.

Effective treatments for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy are not yet available; more research is needed.

Over 50% of women over 50 experience hair loss, with minoxidil being the only proven effective treatment.

The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.

Three to five ovarian punctures are best for improving fertility in women with PCOS without harming the ovaries.

The spiny mouse is a unique menstruating rodent that can help us understand menstruation and reproductive disorders.

Nitric Oxide has potential in medicine, especially for infections and heart treatments, but its short life and delivery challenges limit its use.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring for associated health risks.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Melatonin implants can change the seasonal prolactin levels and hair growth in adult cashmere goats but not in juveniles, and don't delay spring moult for better fiber harvesting.

High doses of certain vitamins can cause serious side effects and health risks.

Combining yoga and certain herbs can effectively manage PCOS symptoms and improve quality of life.

Women with early-onset baldness should be checked for early bone loss, but bone density doesn't change with baldness severity.