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Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.

A woman with Cushing's syndrome improved after surgery to remove a tumor causing the condition.

The woman's surgery lowered her testosterone and improved scalp hair loss but did not change her excessive body hair.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Acne is a common skin condition linked to diet, hormones, and genetics, and early treatment can prevent scarring.

A young woman had a rare tumor causing high male hormone levels and symptoms like excessive hair and acne. After removing the tumor, her hormone levels returned to normal. Early diagnosis is important.

A woman with Sheehan syndrome improved with hormone treatment.

Diagnosing and treating PCOS is complex due to differing criteria and requires a team approach.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

The document concludes that transsexual individuals often experience improved quality of life after transitioning, despite higher risks of psychiatric issues and mortality.

Estrogen-progestin contraception lowers ovarian, endometrial, and colon cancer risk but may raise breast and cervical cancer risk, helps with menstrual and acne issues, and new methods are as effective as pills. Metformin helps overweight women with PCOS and insulin resistance, and dopamine agonists treat prolactinomas.

Eating high-glycemic foods and drinking milk may worsen acne by increasing insulin and IGF-1 levels.

Leydig cells can cause testosterone-secreting adrenal tumors in women.

Removing a hormone-producing adrenal tumor can stop hair loss in women with high testosterone levels.

The conclusion is that thorough investigation of hypertension and hormonal dysfunctions is important, and there may be a link between these conditions and cancer.

A man with both Klinefelter syndrome and primary hyperparathyroidism showed a rare combination of symptoms and genetic patterns.

PCOS management includes lifestyle changes and medications, with ongoing research into repurposed drugs for better treatment options.

Keratin proteins are essential for keeping the cells in the human colon healthy and stable.

Finasteride and dutasteride are equally effective and safe for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

High androgen levels in postmenopausal women may suggest an ovarian tumor, and removing it can improve heart and metabolic health.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Testosterone is key for male sexual function, and treating hormone imbalances can improve sexual issues.

The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

New tools show that in fish, NPY increases feeding and somatostatin decreases it.

Adult acne is often related to hormonal disorders, especially in women, and may need long-term treatment involving specialists.

Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.

A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.