Endocrinology

April 2023 in “ Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ”

androgen serum levels adrenocortical carcinoma hyperthyroidism TSH FT3 FT4 hypogonadism erectile dysfunction vitamin D3 immune-related pathways hormones biomarkers thyroid-stimulating hormone triiodothyronine thyroxine vitamin D

TLDR The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.

The document reviews numerous studies in the field of endocrinology. Key findings include the potential use of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as inflammation markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from a study with 220 subjects. Another study with 81 participants suggested that Glucose Monitoring Index (GMI) and estimated average glucose (eAG) could be effective for diabetes monitoring. A study with 100 vitamin D-deficient women showed that vitamin D3 supplementation significantly affected immune-related pathways. A study with 1200 participants found that both latent and expressed hyperthyroidism lead to decreased serum hormone TSH and increased FT3 and FT4 concentrations. Other studies highlighted the importance of measuring androgen serum levels for early Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) diagnosis, the link between erectile dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, and the prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected males. The document also reviews studies on the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in diagnosing and managing endocrine disorders, and the potential of various hormones as biomarkers for different conditions.

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