The Eye and the Skin in Endocrine Metabolic Diseases
March 2016
in “
Clinics in Dermatology
”
alopecia androgenetic alopecia hirsutism acne diabetes mellitus diabetic retinopathy macular edema cataracts pituitary adenomas Cushing's syndrome thyroid metabolic diseases hypothyroidism hyperparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism adrenal diseases hyperadrenalism congenital adrenal hyperplasia laser photocoagulation anti-VEGF therapy hair loss male pattern baldness excessive hair growth pimples diabetes eye disease swelling in the eye cloudy lens pituitary tumors high cortisol levels thyroid disorders low thyroid function high parathyroid function low parathyroid function adrenal gland disorders high adrenal function adrenal gland hyperplasia laser treatment anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
TLDR Diabetes can lead to blindness and skin problems, and managing blood sugar and blood pressure is crucial to prevent these complications.
The document reviews the ocular and skin manifestations of various endocrine metabolic diseases, with a significant focus on diabetes mellitus, which is a major public health concern and the leading cause of blindness among adults aged 20 to 75 years. It states that out of 366 million people with diabetes, about 30% have signs of diabetic retinopathy, and 10% face vision-threatening complications. The review details ocular complications like retinopathy, macular edema, cataracts, and others, as well as skin manifestations including infections and ulcers. It also discusses the effects of pituitary adenomas, Cushing's syndrome, and thyroid metabolic diseases on the eye and skin, noting specific symptoms like visual field defects and skin changes. Additionally, the document covers hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and adrenal diseases, describing associated skin and eye symptoms, such as alopecia and cataracts. Hyperadrenalism and its relation to ocular complications and androgenetic alopecia are mentioned, as well as congenital adrenal hyperplasia and its skin manifestations like hirsutism and acne. The importance of controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, and nephropathy to prevent progression of diabetic complications is underscored, and treatments like laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic retinopathy are highlighted. The document does not provide specific numbers of participants in a study, as it is a review rather than a study.
