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Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.

Adult skin quickly reacts to short-term environmental and internal stress, leading to various skin issues and the need for protective measures.

Different sPLA2 enzymes affect immunity, skin and hair health, reproduction, and may be potential targets for therapy.

The document concludes that dermatology training and grading scales need to better represent dark-skinned individuals to improve diagnosis and assessment of skin conditions.

Understanding skin structure and development helps diagnose and treat skin disorders.

The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.

COVID-19 can cause various skin issues, including rashes and hair loss, which usually heal on their own and don't always indicate severe illness.

Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.

TGM3 is important for skin and hair structure and may help diagnose cancer.

Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff are often treated with antifungal and anti-inflammatory medications, which can reduce symptoms and yeast growth on the scalp.

Melatonin, a hormone, can help protect skin from aging by reducing stress, inflammation, and damage, and may also help treat hair loss in women.

As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.

Understanding how cells die in the skin is important for treating skin diseases and preventing hair loss.

Autophagy is crucial for normal sebaceous gland function and sebum composition.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for autoimmune skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

Exosomes can improve skin health and offer new treatments for skin repair and rejuvenation.

Acne is caused by multiple factors including oil production, bacteria, inflammation, and possibly diet and environment.

The health of the gut may be important in developing new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat alopecia areata.

Experts agree on how to manage sugar levels and skin reactions in patients taking the cancer drug alpelisib.

Taking a probiotic supplement twice a day improved hair growth, skin hydration, and metabolic health in adults at risk of metabolic syndrome.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a big role in acne, but most acne sufferers don't have a hormone disorder. Hormonal treatments, including birth control pills, can be very effective for women whose acne doesn't improve with regular treatments.

The document concludes that certain genetic mutations and dietary factors are involved in acne development, and treatments like isotretinoin and diet changes can help manage it.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

Bee venom might be a good alternative treatment for various skin conditions because it has many healing properties.

PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.

Hormonal treatment is effective for women with acne not helped by usual treatments, especially if they have hormonal imbalances.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.