January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that Mf-rich-fiber in human hair underwent significantly greater degradation by proteases than Ma-rich-fiber, especially when treated with Proteinase K.
40 citations
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July 2023 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” This review discusses the progress and challenges of targeted protein degradation therapies, highlighting the increasing number of degraders in cancer clinical trials and the limited diversity in targeted proteins, primarily focusing on those employing CRL4CRBN as the E3 ligase.
December 2023 in “Sains Malaysiana” In this study, researchers used in silico mutagenesis to identify key calcium-binding sites influencing the stability of Rand protease from Bacillus subtilis, potentially enhancing its application in industries like leather dehairing by improving stability and eliminating the need for additional metal ions during the process.
January 2002 in “中国人民解放军军医大学学报(英文版)” This study found that human hair keratin scaffold material implanted in damaged rabbit muscle tissue degrades via the ubiquitin system and is further processed by macrophagocytes and lysosomes.
3 citations
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January 2007 in “Journal of health science” This study found that an enzymatic method effectively identified chemical treatments like perming and dyeing by detecting higher degradation in treated hair compared to untreated hair.
11 citations
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January 2006 in “Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association” This study investigated multiple alkaline oxidative dehairing systems and found a consistent reaction mechanism for disulfide cleavage across systems, enhancing hair solubilization by enabling structural swelling and water uptake.
1 citations
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January 2008 in “Massey Research Online (Massey University)” This study found that enzyme depilation of lambskins can cause damage due to the removal of collagen VI, suggesting the need for a protease that avoids this interaction for successful application.
This study demonstrated that de novo designed bifunctional proteins can target and degrade BCL-xL, leading to cell apoptosis, suggesting a new approach to targeted protein degradation therapy.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry” This study examined finasteride degradation under stress conditions, identifying three unique degradation products in acidic environments, providing insights into impurity profiling and quality control for finasteride formulations.
November 2023 in “Regenerative Biomaterials” This study developed a degradable and bioactive citrate-based polyurethane adhesive that achieves rapid and strong tissue adhesion, exhibiting improved bonding strength in wet environments, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hemostatic properties, with potential to enhance wound healing by promoting angiogenesis.
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that reduced hair samples showed higher protease degradation than permed hair, which increased with repetitive perming, and degradation was influenced by the type of mercaptan used.
75 citations
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November 1965 in “Textile research journal” This study found that papain/bisulfite disintegrates human hair cuticles by dissolving the endocuticle, potentially accelerated by ethanol's removal of cell membrane material.
July 2026 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” This review discusses the evolution of Cereblon ligands in PROTAC technology, highlighting chemical innovations that may enhance drug-likeness and applicability in protein degradation, while noting challenges and future research directions.
May 2026 in “Nature Communications” In this study, a self-adaptive nanozyme embedded in a madecassoside-enriched hydrogel demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy and accelerated healing in wounds infected with drug-resistant bacteria, as evidenced by improved repair and regeneration in MRSA-infected mice and preclinical pig models.
11 citations
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April 1982 in “Journal of the Forensic Science Society” This study found that specific enzymes could be detected in fresh hair sheath cells, with most remaining detectable in older cells, except for Adenylate kinase and Esterase D.
34 citations
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April 2012 in “Molecular Biology Reports” This study isolated a thermophilic bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus, from soil that produces an extracellular protease; the enzyme effectively removed non-leather structures from animal pelts and was compatible with commercial detergents.
1 citations
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November 2011 in “British journal of pharmacology” This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of enzyme classification, function, and interaction with drugs, but does not present new research findings.
1 citations
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January 2024 in “Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group)” This study explored using keratin extracted from human hair waste to create biodegradable bioplastic films, revealing promising potential for applications in packaging and disposable items due to their uniform surface morphology and ability to degrade with keratinophilic fungi.
This study introduced Cadd4, a peptide-based degrader developed using computer-aided drug design, which effectively reduced PCSK9 levels and increased LDL receptor expression, resulting in decreased plasma cholesterol and LDL-C levels in hypercholesterolemic mice, without liver toxicity.
2 citations
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July 2020 in “International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology” This study found that Pseudomonas DL7 completely degraded 600 mg/L of Sunset Yellow FCF in 48 hours at pH 9, indicating potential for biomineralization of this dye.
May 2019 in “Asian Journal of Chemistry” Finasteride forms three new products under acidic stress.
April 2026 in “Biomolecules” In this study, researchers synthesized biomedical polyurethanes incorporating curcumin and varying PEG content to enhance water solubility and control curcumin release, finding that higher PEG content improved hydrophilicity, swelling, and degradation, while maintaining excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, suggesting promise for biomedical applications.
5 citations
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October 2002 in “PubMed” In this study, the degradation of HHK scaffold particles was linked to the activation and proliferation of satellite cells, which may contribute to new muscle fiber formation.
April 2026 in “Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research” This study showed that keratinase pretreatment effectively reduces the time for enzymatic unhairing in bovine hides by opening channels for faster penetration, which shortens the process by over 50% and enhances leather quality.
4 citations
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January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.
In this study, hair composted with various organic materials, and inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, showed improved degradation and nutrient release, but temperatures below 33℃ limited composting efficiency, suggesting bacterial augmentation could aid sustainable management of keratin-rich waste.
March 2026 in “Bioconjugate Chemistry” This review highlights the potential of peptide-based PROTACs (pPROTACs) in expanding the target range of protein degraders beyond small-molecule limitations, particularly for undruggable proteins, by utilizing advances in design, conjugation, and bioPROTAC technology.
2 citations
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May 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, hydrophilic EG7 PTK-UR foams promoted better wound healing and tissue integration in a porcine model compared to more hydrophobic PTK-UR variants and a polyester-based alternative, while matching a collagen-based standard.
April 2017 in “DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)” This study found that adjusting the polymer gel composition can create a more consistent release profile of finasteride with reduced initial burst release, enhancing patient compliance through in situ polymer precipitation.
September 2025 in “Chemical Engineering Journal” This study found that poly(butylene citramalate-co-butylene succinate) copolymers exhibit high toughness, recyclability, degradability, and biocompatibility, achieving complete wound healing with skin and hair follicle regeneration in 7 days.