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The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome should be seen mainly as a condition of excess male hormones, with a focus on this in its definition.

Low vitamin D levels may affect ovulation and progesterone in infertile women.

The document concludes that menopause should be seen as a natural part of aging and managed with personalized care and informed choices.

Removing a hormone-producing adrenal tumor can stop hair loss in women with high testosterone levels.

A misdiagnosed case of HAIR-AN syndrome led to unnecessary surgeries and highlighted the importance of correct diagnosis and treatment.

A postmenopausal woman's hirsutism and high testosterone levels improved after surgery for an ovarian tumor not seen on ultrasound.

Obese and non-obese women with PCOS have higher heart risk markers, especially if they are obese.

Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, causing symptoms like acne and irregular periods, and is managed with medication and lifestyle changes.

The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Gastric bypass surgery improved a woman's hormonal disorder without the need for medication.

Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.

Testing basal 17-HP levels is a good way to screen for nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia in women with high androgen levels.

Women with persistent acne and high levels of antimullerian hormone are more likely to have polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.

The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Certain genetic variations are linked to increased androgen levels in PCOS, but more research is needed to understand these connections fully.

Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

Removing one ovary helped treat a woman's severe PCOS symptoms when medicine didn't work.

Skin problems in patients with polycystic ovarian disease are linked to body weight, blood sugar, and hormone levels.

An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.

Androstanediol glucuronide is a reliable marker for hirsutism in women.

Stress, hypothyroidism, drug intake, and anemia are important factors in women's diffuse hair loss.

Most women with excessive hair growth have a hormonal cause.

Metformin combined with lifestyle changes improves insulin resistance and reduces testosterone levels in women with PCOS more than lifestyle changes alone.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome likely starts in childhood and may be genetic and influenced by early hormone exposure.

Skin changes in women with PCOS are mainly due to hormonal imbalances.